Keat And Shelley Essays - Literature, Poetry, Ode To A Nightingale

Keat And Shelley In Keat's "Ode to a Nightingale" and Shelley's "Ode to the West Wind" both poet's show much inspiration within their poetry. The bird in "Ode to a Nightingale" represents a supernatural being conjured up by the speaker. The wind in "Ode to the West Wind" inspires the speaker while serving as a "destroyer and preserver." In the poem, "Ode to a Nightingale" the reader sees that the poet draws his inspiration through hemlock which the poet had drunk and some kind of opiate. The poet speaks about dying from the consumption of some type of poisonous drink in stanza two. The speaker wants to, "Fade far away, dissolve, and quite forget / What thou among the leaves has never known (21-22)." He doesn't seem to have much respect for or admiration of the world. The speaker cites all of the bad aspects of life and the world which inspire him to contemplate suicide. This idea of death and suicide is further displayed through the quote in stanza six : " I have been half in love with easeful Death, ...Now more than ever seems it rich to die, To cease upon the midnight with no pain, While thou art pouring forth thy soul abroad In such an ecstasy (52-58)." The reader's contemplation of suicide is thoroughly depicted through this quote. The reader is actually thinking these thoughts because he realizes that the beautiful bird's songs only occur through death because the bird is immortal and with the immortal bird comes the immortal song. He shows his admiration for the bird when he speaks of the bird's past experiences. He is greatly inspired by the bird and this is the reason for this poem, but in the last stanza he returns to reality and back to his "sole self". He no longer wants to die and hear this immortal song sung by the bird which he once longed to experience. In ?Ode to the West Wind', the reader sees yet another poet inspired by something that has caught the speaker's attention.

Understanding Percontation Punctuation Marks

Understanding Percontation Punctuation Marks The percontation mark (also known as the punctus percontativus or  percontation  point) is a late-medieval mark of punctuation (ØŸ) used to signal the close of a rhetorical question. In rhetoric, percontatio is a type of affective (as opposed to information-seeking) question, similar to epiplexis. In The Arte of Rhetoric (1553), Thomas Wilson makes this distinction: We doo aske often-tymes, because we would knowe: we do aske also, because we woulde chide, and sette furthe our grief with more vehemencie, the one is called Interrogatio, the other is percontatio. The percontation mark was used (for a brief period of time) to identify this second type of question. Examples and Observations When punctuation was first invented by Aristophanes, librarian at Alexandria in the 4th century BC, he suggested that readers could use middle ( ·), low (.), and high points (Ë™) to punctuate writing according to the rules of rhetoric. Despite this, it took another two millennia before the eponymous rhetorical question got its own mark of punctuation. Worried that his readers would not catch such a subtle figure of speech, in the late sixteenth century the English printer Henry Denham created the percontation mark- a reversed question markto address the problem. . . .Faced with a wave of apathy, use of the percontation mark had petered out within fifty years of its birth. (Keith Houston, 8 Punctuation Marks That Are No Longer Used. Huffington Post, September 24, 2013)The percontation-mark (or punctus percontativus), the standard Arabic question mark, indicated percontations, questions open to any answer or (more loosely) rhetorical questions, in various books of c.1575-c.1625. T his usage seems to have been invented by the translator Anthonie Gilbie or his printer Henry Denham (a pioneer of the semi-colon): roman examples appear in their psalms of Dauid (1581), black letter ones in Turbervilles Tragicall Tales (1587). It didnt catch on in print because, being reversed, expensive new type was needed, but was used by scribes including Crane, who worked on Shakespeares First Folio: so how did compositors set percontation-marks present in their copy but not type-cases? One possibility is that italic or black letter question-marks amid roman type record otherwise unsettable percontation-marks. (John Lennard, The Poetry Handbook: A Guide to Reading Poetry for Pleasure and Practical Criticism. Oxford University Press, 2005) [Henry] Denham seems to have been interested in punctuation, since two of the books he published in the 1580s contain another new, but rare symbol, the percontativus . . .. This consists of a reversed, but not inverted, interrogativus and is used to mark a percontatio, i.e. a rhetorical question, one which does not require an answer. . . . For the most part 16th- and 17th-century authors and compositors either omitted to mark a percontatio, or used the interrogativus, but the percontativus does appear from time to time in the 17th century: for example, in the holographs of Robert Herrick and Thomas Middleton. (M.B. Parkes, Pause and Effect: An Introduction to the History of Punctuation. University of California Press, 1993)

Social Psy-Eating Disorder Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Social Psy-Eating Disorder - Essay Example Eating Disorders mainly affect teenage and adolescent females, nearly 5-7% of the females, at some stage of their lives, have been diagnosed with some form of Eating Disorder in the United States of America. (Milos, 2005) Adolescence is characterized by a number of biological changes, be it physical, hormonal, sexual or psychological. One of the major psychological changes is the sudden concern about one’s appearance. â€Å"Feelings about work, school, relationships, day-to-day activities and ones experience of emotional well being are determined by what has or has not been eaten or by a number on a scale†(Siegel et al,1988). This concern might cross the normal limits and manifest into what are known as â€Å"Eating Disorders†. As the term suggests, Eating Disorders correspond to an abnormal swing in eating behavior. The swing might be towards either extreme i.e. eating in excess or eating close to nothing. These disorders affect both the physical and mental health. The disorders can be categorized into the following- Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa. A third category is "eating disorders not otherwise specified (EDNOS), is currently being investigated by medical professionals throughout the world. This category includes the Binge Eating Disorder. As the name suggests, it is a chronic disease wherein an individual consumes excessive amount of food during a short period of time. It can lead to serious health conditions such as morbid obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease (American Psychiatric Association,2005). These three ailments together affect nearly 10 million teenagers, a major proportion of them being females. Only 10% of Anorexic patients are male. Most anorexics become so as adolescents, with 76% reporting onset of the disorder between the ages of 11 and 20(National Association of Anorexia Nervosa and Associated Eating Disorders, 2005).One of the most disturbing facts is that

The function of lunges Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The function of lunges - Essay Example The bronchi further subdivide into bronchioles that divide even further into air sacs known as alveoli. Once inside the alveoli, air penetrates through a remarkably thin and wet membrane into the blood capillaries. Hemoglobin is the blood component that carries carbon dioxide from the heart. It releases it for exhalation in a backward process through the bronchioles, bronchi trachea and out through the nostrils. Oxygen present in the fresh air binds itself on the surface of hemoglobin and is transported to the heart for pumping to the other parts of the body. With oxygen supplied and carbon dioxide released, the gaseous exchange process is complete, which is the main function of the lungs (Hlastala and Albert 39). The lungs provide protection for the heart. The lungs are huge compared to all the other organs located in the chest cavity. They are made up of soft tissue and from their location on each side of the chest; they offer protection to the heart and other organs such as the arteries. Their soft tissue cushions the heart and acts as a shock absorber (Chiras 76). Lungs are fairly large with the human lungs ranging between ten and twelve inches. They can hold up to four hundred and fifty milliliters of blood. That is about nine percent of the all the blood circulating in the body. The lungs act as a reservoir from where blood is drawn to compensate for the blood lost through hemorrhage (Chiras 76). The lungs prevent the body from air-borne infection. Sometimes dust, bacteria or any other harmful particles are inhaled together with air. The mucus layer at the surface of the respiratory surface traps any of these foreign particles. The foreign materials are moved upwards through the beating of cilia, or the lungs initiate a cough that causes the expulsion of the materials outside the body (Chiras 77). Apart from being significant for metabolism, gaseous exchange has a second significance. It is necessary for

Effect of financial crisis on consumer finance Essay

Effect of financial crisis on consumer finance - Essay Example The complexity of financial instruments that were involved in the crisis deepened the effects of subprime mortgage crisis (Ghoshi, 2006). The subprime crisis led to a number of problems in America’s as well as the global financial system. As home owners defaulted on payment of their mortgage costs, financial institutions were drained off liquidity necessary for lending. It also led to reduction of revenues generated by many financial institutions as well as other organizations whose operations were adversely affected by the turbulence on financial markets. This led to decline in economic growth rate, forcing the United States of America and United Kingdom of Britain to record negative gross domestic product growth. Ben Bernanke, a leading economist and the Chairman of Federal Reserve in US indicated that the Federal Reserve policies are not the main cause of the crisis and its subsequent reduction in access of consumers to credit. He noted that while the US financial policies are partly to blame, other countries policies such as currency management policies in China make the global economy more prone to financial crisis (The Washington Post, 2011). In a debate moderated by the char of economics department in Harvard University, important facts about the recent global financial crisis were revealed. The subprime crisis significantly reduced the willingness of financial institutions to extend credit to consumers.... In a debate moderated by the char of economics department in Harvard University, important facts about the recent global financial crisis were revealed. The people involved in the debate were economics professor Jeremy, and Professor Rogoff, both from the institution and a history professor Nial. Roggoff noted that while the lending policies were lax, the outsider attitude of customers equally catalyzed the 2007/2008 global financial crisis. This led to low cooperation between financial institutions and their mortgage customers, accelerating the rate of the 2007/2008 global financial crisis. Roggof had predicted the crisis one and half years earlier (Crimson Staff Writers, 2010). Analyses The subprime crisis significantly reduced the willingness of financial institutions to extend credit to consumers. Such institutions withheld liquidity as panic and loss of confidence spread in the financial sector. This led to fall in consumer lending since 2007 to 2008 (Bricker et al, 2012). The v alue of loans issued in US in 2008 last quarter of the year was almost half of the value of loans issued during the same period in the previous year. Lending declined across all credit lines, including that of short term and consumer lending. Majority of the banks that were vulnerable to bank run during the crisis cut on their spending. Banks with average level of deposits to assets cut on their loan originations by 36% between August and December in 2008 as compared to the same period in the previous year. The recent subprime mortgage crisis resulted to economic recession. During economic recession, the demand for loan able funds decline. This was evident in 2008 to 2009 when business activity declined and unemployment shot up in many countries. This reduced the

The equal opportunities and managing diversity approaches

The equal opportunities and managing diversity approaches Compare and contrast the strengths and weaknesses of the equal opportunities and managing diversity approaches. Using the analysis above, discuss what the equal opportunities and diversity approaches could each contribute to the developed of an organisational programme to contract disadvantage of members of ONE of the following social group: Gender Ethnicity Disability Sexuality (2800 words) Intro: Diversity The concept of diversity encompasses acceptance and respect. It means understanding that each individual is unique and recognizing our differences. Diversity is inevitable. It occurs in every mans day to day life without even noticing it. It occurs in every part of the world. According to Dictionary.com (Anon 1, 2010), diversity is defined as the state or the fact of being difference. The dissimilarity is such as age, gender, ethnicity, different lifestyles and cultures, educational backgrounds, working methods, experiences, religious belief, sexual identity and against disabled people. Diversity in organisations reflects the changes that were occurring at the time of theorising equality developments. Organisations approach these issues by managing them using equality policy-making. Diversity has advanced from a traditional view to a more contemporary view because it covers a much wider framework than legal requirements in this modern society. The worlds increasing globalisation requires more interaction from diverse cultures, beliefs, and backgrounds than ever before. People no longer live and work in an insular marketplace; they are now part of a worldwide economy with competition coming from nearly every continent. For this reason, profit and non-profit organisations need diversity to become more creative and open to change. Maximising and capitalising on workplace diversity has become an important issue for management today. Today, in an organisation, each and every employee must accept the differences between individuals and respect them. Differences are seen in two aspects: people being valued for being diverse and unique which bring the uniqueness of a particular individual or organisation and the other aspect, a person marked as different, getting different treatment (Lecture Notes). Diversity issues are now considered important and are projected to become even more important in the future due to increasing differences. Companies need to focus on diversity and look for ways to become totally inclusive organisations because diversity has the potential of yielding greater productivity and competitive advantages (Society for Human Resource Management, 1995 cited in Green et al, 2002). Diversity is beneficial to both associates and employers. Although associates are interdependent in the workplace, respecting individual differences can increase productivity. Diversity in the workplace can reduce lawsuits and increase marketing opportunities, recruitment, creativity and business image (Esty et al., 1995 cited in Green et al, 2002). In an era when flexibility and creativity are keys to competitiveness, diversity is critical for an organisations success. Managing Diversity Managing diversity is defined as a management process that embraces the challenges of managing a workforce that is heterogeneous in terms of culture, ethnicity, religious belief, political affiliation, sexuality, gender and disability (Oxford University Press, 2009). Managing diversity is about assessing differences and treating people with dignity and allowing everyone, not taking into account their differences, to be able to perform to their level of ability. Managing and valuing diversity is a key component of effective people management, which can improve workplace productivity (Black Enterprise, 2001 cited in Green et al, 2002, p.2). Demographic changes, such as women in the workplace, organisational restructurings, and equal opportunity legislation, will require organisations to review their management practices and develop new and creative approaches to managing people. Changes will increase work performance and customer service. According to Smed et al (1994 cited in Liff, 1996, pp.14-16), there are four approaches of equality: dissolving differences, utilising differences, accommodating differences and valuing differences. Dissolving differences may be seen more as equal opportunity than diversity management. Valuing differences, apparently, is the main approach to diversity management. This approach includes providing and initiating for the people, such as training and educating employees in the organisation to help them understand the organisational processes and boost their confidence. Accommodating and utilising differences, unlike dissolving and valuing differences which represents the dominant strands in the diversity management, are almost similar to some equal opportunity approaches (Liff, 1996, pp.14-15). According to Kirton et al (2009, pp.5-7), inequality in the neoclassical economics, the employment outcome reflects every individuals preferences and choices. Inequality existence is due to the system of production that is based on the principles of market competition. Equal Opportunity Equal opportunity aims to ensure that our working and learning environments are free from discrimination and harassment and that policies, procedures, structures and services created by government and organisations do not disadvantage anyone based on their disability, socio-economic background, location, language, cultural or ethnic background, gender, sexual preference, marital status or religious and political conviction. Equal opportunity is defined as an elastic notion that is caused by the appropriate measurement of the particular problem (Anon 2, 2010). In equal opportunity, differences are dissolved under the equality policies (Liff, 1996, pp.13-14). Differences exist between every living being, however, they do not need much attention from the legal approaches. Advantages of Equal Opportunity Equality of opportunity sets, that is, rendering the sets of choices available to different individuals the same (Roemer, 2002:456). It aims justice for all by preventing discrimination. Equal opportunity for all might be provided with the harmony of social, cultural, economic and legal conditions that affect each other successively. According to Liff (1996, pp.11-12), equal opportunity do not focus on differences. Under equal opportunity, everyone regardless of their age, gender, or ethnic origin should be treated equally. In the UK, a legal framework underpins the importance of equal opportunity approaches to treat everyone equally (Liff, 1996, p.12). This approach primarily protects gender against inequality and being discriminated at work. Although differences exist between people, differences should not be acknowledged in this approach; instead, it should be ignored. In an organisation, it should not be assumed that men are more committed to the job compared to women. The chances of a married woman going away on maternity leave should not be judged just because she is married. There is a possibility that this woman might not want to have kids. There is also a possibility that a man at work might meet with an accident and be away for nine months on sick leave. Therefore, men and women should be treated equall y in an organisation. Ethnic minorities should as well be treated equally and organisations should not have the assumption that people of different ethnicity could not speak their language. There are many ethnic minorities from Commonwealth countries speak English as their first language, because the British influence during the British Colonial in their countries. For that reason, ethnic minorities should also be treated equally and should not be assumed that they do not speak the international language. The main aim to create equal opportunity is to create a context where every individual is able to demonstrate and perform to their relevant capabilities. They should be judges on the basis that they are equal. Limitations to Equal Opportunity Not focusing on differences, equal opportunity found its limitation to accommodate other minorities, such as aged people, religious belief and disability. These minorities may need special attention or legal framework enforced to protect them from being discriminated. According to Liff (1996, pp. 12-13), in an organisations decision making, individuals gender an ethnicity are stripped of to be equal. Any form of unfair, unequal treatment because of age, disability, marital status, ethnicity, religion, social-economical background, and any other factor that can give rise to unfair treatment is called discrimination. Discrimination may be defined as selection of the candidates for a work according to the criterias which are not related to the job directly (Daft, 1991) Discrimination prevents equality of opportunity in any way. If an employer asks for a requirement that is not a bona fide occupation qualification (BFOQ) candidates who do no have that special requirement can not apply for the work. Some approaches of equal opportunity appear to break the principle of ignoring differences (Liff, 1996, pp.12-13). Advantages of Managing Diversity Unlike equal opportunity, diversity management focuses on differences (Liff, 1996, pp.11-12). By employing a diverse workforce can be beneficial to both the organisation as well as the stakeholders. Diversity management strategies can help create a link between the internal and external aspects of the work of an organisation. The organisation is, then, better able to understand the demographics of the marketplace it supplies. By knowing the marketplace and the customer better makes the business easier to manage, especially if the organisation employs men and women, people from many generations, people from ethnically and racially diverse backgrounds and so on. The diversified workforce gives the organisation a better understanding of the demographics as well as the marketplace. For instance the marketing department of an organisation with a diversified workforce will better understand the market structure and the demand of the market from its different employees knowledge and experie nce. It, therefore, makes the organisation better equipped to thrive in the challenging market. A diverse workforce in an organisation would improve employees satisfaction and inspire all of their employees to perform to their ability. Company-wide strategies can then be executed. The work pattern will, eventually, show a better productivity, profit, and return on investment. Employees will feel safer and more secure working for an organisation with a better managed diversified workforce. A diverse workforce that feels comfortable communicating varying points of view provides a larger pool of ideas and experiences. The organisation can draw from that pool to meet business strategy needs and the needs of customers more effectively. Hence, it can supply a greater variety of solutions to problems in service, sourcing, and allocation of resources. Employees from diverse backgrounds bring individual talents and experiences in suggesting ideas and a collection of skills, such as languages and cultural understanding, which are flexible in adapting to fluctuating markets and customers demands on a global basis. Disadvantages of Managing Diversity Diversity in the workplace brings about many benefits to the organisation, as well it can lead to many dispute. Managing diversity, according to many organisations is more than simply acknowledging differences in every employee. Apparently, it is more difficult to motivate and manage a diversified workforce. Miscommunication occurs in managing diversity, due to having people from all walks of life. Different gender sometime interpret things differently based on their gender instinct, different ethnic group may have different culture in doing things and by having too many people of different religion and not understand each one of them may cause a big trouble when organisation an event. Perceptual, cultural and language barriers need to be overcome for diversity programs to succeed. Ineffective communication of key objectives results in confusion, lack of teamwork, and low morale. Resistance to change and accept diversity management in their workplace silences new ideas and inhibit progress. The inability to manage diversity in a proper way in the workplace can be extremely harmful and can costs the organisation by creating negative image, high employee turn over rate, loss of advertising revenue, discrimination suits, ligitation time and money. Diversity management, if handled insensitively, may invade employees privacy and poorly handled programme may result in conflict and ill-felling. Hence, cultural bias is another factor to diversity management disadvantages. It refers to prejudice and discrimination. According to Liff (1996), prejudice refers to an unjust behaviour and preconceived opinion and attitude towards an employee based on his or her culture group identity or religious belief. Discrimination on the other hand refers to observable adverse behaviour for the same reason. It also means a judgement of recognition and understanding of the difference between different people. In some organisations, assimilations are created to create a situation in which some individuals are different and they are likely to fail. Deep-seated prejudices may be brought into the open, causing short-term tension. Implementation of a diversity programme may, in the short term, be expensive. Sexuality Sexuality was defined as something which a society produces in complex ways (Weeks, 1986, p.25 cited in Hearn et al, 1996). Diverse social practices caused meaning to social activities, of social definitions and self-definitions, of struggles between those who have power to define and regulate and those who resists. There are five factors of sexuality: sex discrimination, sexual harassment, sexual orientation, gender identity and sexual attraction (Kormanik, 2009). When an employment decision is based on sex and gender, it is a sexuality factor of sex discrimination. In the construction site, for example, construction workers are usually men. This is because women is seen as the more feminine sex and could not be able to carry weights. Sexual harassment is a form of teasing and demeaning behaviour made by a group of people about an individual. Usually, at a workplace the more feminine female worker is likely to be sexually harassed by her male co-worker. Sexual orientation, on the other hand, is an individuals erotic or affection deposition to the same and or opposite sex. A persons sexual orientation is the attraction to the opposite sex and or even the same sex. Gender identity is the individuals psychological sense of the sex, either being male or a female. According to Jamison (1983:46 cited in Kormanik, 2009), sexual attraction is a quality or feature that attracts that one person experiences the exhilaration of inclination toward another person. Equal Opportunity and Diversity contributes to disadvantages of Sexuality In the past, people are more conservative and have inherent ideas from cultural and philosophical past which makes them perceive that accepting lesbians, gay men and bisexuals will wreck the society, culture and beliefs and reflects some form of devils. Even in the modern society, there are people who cannot accept lesbians, gay men and bisexuals and tend to treat them in a way that these lesbians, gay men and bisexual people are unable to for into the society. Many heterosexual parents think if they accept lesbian and gay people or bisexual people in their society, it would eventually rein the society, itself, especially the younger generations. It is the lesbian and gay people and the bisexual peoples biggest fear is being refused by the public, the society and relationship with other colleagues in the workplace and fear that the job or promotion opportunity is in threat. There might be some fear towards being discriminated in the overall labour market. In the education and childre n channel broadcast industry, lesbians, gay men and bisexuals are being discriminated and not offered the job. Parents fear that their children will grow up into a homosexual or bisexual. Heterosexuals who discriminate against lesbians, gay men and bisexual people often harass them verbally. Whether at work or in public, heterosexual people often act as though they are more superior to the homosexual and bisexual people and patronise them which makes the homosexual and bisexual people felt patronised and afraid and feel intimidated to face the public in their true identity. For that reason, homosexuals and bisexuals are more likely to be harassed, especially at work, compared to heterosexuals. The issue of sexuality was avoided in organisations in the past. No one was supposed to bring up the issue of sexuality of homosexuals and bisexuals as it opposes many cultures and religions and many societies conservative attitude towards them. It was not against the law to refuse the homosexuals and bisexuals in an employment or refuse any of their benefits. In the labour market, the workforce is usually dominated by the heterosexual people. Homosexuals and heterosexual people try to be like heterosexual, in order to keep their job and their current position in the organisation. In many organisations, however, discrimination and harassment against homosexual and bisexual people still occur. There is a strong discrimination against homosexual and bisexual people. Most of the cases are verbal and physical act against them, the lack of information, hence, makes it difficult to prove. Therefore, many lesbians, gay men and bisexual people rather conceal their sexual identity. It is easier for lesbians, gay men and bisexual people to conceal their identity compared to other groups of diversity (Kirton et al, 2010, p.39). Sexuality can be easily concealed by not revealing it to anyone around. At work, heterosexuals usually dominate the work environment and those who are against homosexual people and bisexual people often harass them verbally, some even physically. Homosexual people and bisexual people are often seen as an object to the heterosexual which they can make fun of. Which makes the homosexuals and bisexuals develop some form of fear against the society an d the society acceptance of them, despite those who are in favour of them, and tend to be quiet and shy. Higher income earners who are identified as homosexuals or bisexuals reportedly found it more difficult to be open about their sexuality at work (Palmer, 1993 cited in Kirton et al, 2010, p.40). In organisations, top management people are expected to be at certain professional manner and are expected to set an example to their subordinates. It goes the same for teachers to students and television presenter to children. According to Shape et al (1995 cited in Kirton et al, 2010, p.40), it is unaccepted to many organisations that their top management people are open about their sexuality if they are homosexuals or bisexuals. In certain professional field, such as teaching, the health science, television broadcast and the military, people are expected to be clean or conceal their sexual orientation at work. Many studies proved that gay men tend to receive lower wages compared to heterosexual men (Schmidt, 2008). On the other hand, lesbian women receive higher wages compared to heterosexual women (Schmidt, 2008). In recent years, many European countries governments enforced and reformed laws and rules and regulations to protect homosexuals and bisexuals at work. Some governments even protect homosexuals and bisexuals in their normal lives. According to the Employment Equality Regulation 2003, there is an act which protects homosexuals and bisexuals from sexual discrimination or harassment. Like many other lawsuits, there are many cases seeking to protect homosexual partners from sexual harassment due to sexual orientation have been unsuccessful. In Whitfield v. Cleanway UK Ltd (2005), homosexuals and bisexuals are often being discriminated at work. A similar case was decided, Reaney v. Hereford Diocesan Board of Finance (2007) ET 1602844/06. The case involved homosexuals and bisexuals being discriminated on religious grounds. Some countries have policies against homosexuals and bisexuals, such as Algeria, Iran, Liberia and Nepal. There are countries would still legally punish homosexuality on religious grounds. Malaysia, for instance, fine and or jail sentence for up to 20 years (Anon 3, 2010). Some countries set death penalty to homosexuals and bisexuals to punish them. The Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts reviewed a case, Weber v. Community Teamwork Inc (2001) 434 Mass. 761, 752 N.E.2d 700, where a lesbian plaintiff claimed she had been terminated from her job based on sex discrimination and discrimination based on sexual orientation. In Muzzy v Cahillane Motors Inc (2001) 434 Mass. 409, 749 N.E.2d 691 reviewed by the Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts, the case involved a lesbian complaining that her boss, who was also a lesbian, sexually harassed her on the job. In both these cases, the Court found insufficient proof to support the plaintiffs case (insufficient evidence that the work environment was intolerable) and dismissed those cases. These cases reflects hostile work environment, which is based on verbal and physical acts that make the workplace intolerable. It is more difficult to prove a compilation of acts, gestures, jokes and innuendoes. Conclusion A diverse workforce is a reflection of a changing world and marketplace. Diverse teams bring high value to organisations. Respecting individual differences will benefit the workplace by creating a competitive edge and increasing work productivity. Diverse management benefits associates by creating a fair and safe environment where everyone has access to opportunities and challenges. Management tools in a diverse workforce should be used to educate everyone about diversity and its issues, including laws and regulations. Most workplaces are made up of diverse cultures, so organisations need to learn how to adapt to be successful. Differences live forever and human mentality is not easy to be influence over a few decades, therefore, discrimination continues and it is inevitable. It might need far longer time to manage the diverse culture of the world. According to the Fortune 500 in 2006, there is an increasing number of organisations that are taking steps forward managing diversity in the workplace. These companies begin to provide basic benefits to homosexual and bisexual staffs, such as the health benefits. Another reason for taking that step is to assist employees and management in moving through the state of being aware of other employees sexual orientation and gender identity.

Tools of the Craft Essay example -- essays papers

Tools of the Craft So you have decided you want to write. Perhaps you may feel you need to write. Sometimes this urge inside you is so sweet and urgent that you find yourself imagining the smooth feel of the keyboard beneath your fingertips. You can hear the tap tap of the keys as your fingers fly over them, forming words, sentences, paragraphs and pages of images that will flow from your mind to another’s in a bizarre and wondrous kind of telepathy. This desire may come to you as you are studying, attending classes, or working, making you yearn for the time when the tedious details of life might be abated, if only for a moment, so that you can finally work on your story. When at last you are able to grasp your favored writing instrument, whether it is keyboard, pencil or pen, you might reach inside for the words that had nagged at you so insistently earlier. Your fingers will caress the keys, or your pencil will lightly touch the page†¦and frustration will fill you more completely than your earlier desire had. For even though the words are there, deep inside the crevices of your imagination waiting to break through, the transfer of thought to print is more difficult than you had ever realized. Writing is hard, a fact that most novices and likely all experienced writers are aware of. When you find yourself fighting the inadequacies that plague your writing, where do you turn? Most likely you’ll seek the pages of the books and stories that have inspired you in the first place. Are the answers there? Perhaps; perhaps not. It can depend on the writer and the book. There are hundreds of books out there that claim to help the writer, including numerous â€Å"How To† books that address every aspect of writing that you have imagined and some that you may not have. Which are right? Where are the ones that might help you? One book for writers that has been popular for roughly 65 years was written by a professor of composition at Cornell University and revised by a writer of fiction who was well known for his fiction and essays. The Elements of Style, by William Strunk Jr. and E. B. White is a valuable guide for any writer. In it the writer will find rules for writing that are demonstrated by short examples. This book is for the writers who have found themselves stumbling over the roadblocks of grammar. It will also be of assistance in describin... ...writer, but he will discuss many of the rules Strunk insists on, and he will use examples from his own writing as well as the works of others to illustrate how the rules can be used to strengthen your writing. His tone will be more in the nature of friendly, personal advice to a friend than a clinical study of the mechanics of language, and this may appeal to a number of readers who have been overwhelmed by the other books. He will even present the rough draft of one of his short stories and demonstrate how it might be edited to improve it, listing in the following pages detailed explanations for each of the changes that were made. Finally, he will touch on certain elements of writing fiction left entirely untouched by the other two books: Dialogue, symbolism, and some discussion on the importance of plotting your novel as opposed to letting the story tell itself. Together, each of these books will provide the beginning or struggling writer with not only the tools for writing, but also with a demonstration of how to use them. These books will not make you a writer but they may be able to show you how to become a better writer. Once shown the way, it is up to you to follow it.

Legalizing the Use of Drugs

Many feel today we are losing the war on drugs. When a battle goes to the point where there is no winner, there needs to be a re-evaluation of how to solve the problem. In the case of the war against drugs, years of fighting have caused increased crime, overcrowding of prisons, and the wasted use of money and resources with no results. It is now time to look at alternative methods to solve the nation's drug problem. Although, legalization will increase use of the drug a majority of use will be by those who already use drugs not by new comers who might only try it once out of curiosity. Proof of this can be found in Holland when in 1970 the government legalized the use of marijuana for adults. The legalization of illicit drugs has proved that just because a drug is made legal it does not mean it will cause a rapid rise and abuse by society (Friedman). However, many supporters of continuing the prohibition of drugs believe that by legalizing drugs they will become more accessible and use will therefore increase. They base this argument on past experiments dealing with alcohol prohibition. After the end of prohibition with the 21st amendment, alcohol consumption doubled, while prohibition decreased use by 50 percent (Light). Another example can be found in Liverpool, England. After a recent legalization of drugs in a regulatory program that focuses on the medical benefits of drugs, most drug pushers there left town because there was no longer a market for them. This shows that legalization actually decreases use because of the increased emphasis on rehabilitation and the decrease of drug pushers. Such a dramatic decrease in drug dealers has not only resulted in crime reduction in England but there has also been a decrease of drug use. It is true, legalization will not eliminate the major cause of violent crime; however, most arguments, that say that drug legalization will not decrease crime, deal with the idea that most violent crimes occur as a result of alcohol use. If this is true, legalization will not effect crime that is alcohol related but it will decrease violent crime that is linked to drug dealing and use. The drugs themselves may not cause violent crime, but people involved in the distributing of illicit drugs commit the deadliest crime. By legalizing drugs the dealer would be eliminated and therefore crime would be reduced. Granted, the overall cost of drug use would not decrease; however, supporters of the continued war on drug and the further prohibition of these drugs say that legalization would cost more both socially and economically. They say that legalization would result in increased use and eventually will mean an increase in deaths with. Another result they say will be the decay of family values as a result of increased drug using mothers and children. Actually, the legalization of drugs will put money, which is used for law enforcement into the construction of better rehabilitation and education programs. Education is an essential element in this proposal because through education the problem will find a better than merely covering it up behind jail bars. Economically, for every dollar spent on drug treatment there is a $7 return due to decreased criminal activity. Through the regulation and supervision of the distribution of marijuana, there would be no increases in the number of drug-addicted newborns, nor will it induce the deterioration of society. Thus the overall cost of drug use would decrease and would bring new revenue for our nation. After looking at and knowing the pro and cons of marijuana legalization, I have decided that it is a valid and necessary solution to our country†s drug problem. By implementing such a program the American population can use its money and resources to combat the problem through rehabilitation and education instead of stalling the problem through the legal system. Legalization will decrease violent crime associated with drug dealers; it will decrease the number of users and will lower the wasteful cost, which is connected with the current system. Such legalization will not destroy our youth in any way, because the drugs will only be accessible to adults in the country. If we continue with our current system we will never solve the problem. Drug dealers and addicts will continue to crowd our prisons and plague our streets with violent crime with no hope for help and a better future.

Anthem essays

Anthem essays The True Importance of Individuality Ayn Rands Anthem truthfully explores a consolidated collectivist society from which a man struggles to discover a way to escape the evasion and lies of this totalitarian government, while simultaneously trying to find the meaning of his own life as an individual, not as a group. Equality 7-2521, the protagonist that attempts and succeeds in achieving freedom, emphasizes the main point of the story by stating phrases that enable the reader to understand more clearly the destructive consequences of the word we, as well as the importance of common individuality through the word I. My happiness needs no higher aim to vindicate it. My happiness is not the means to any end. It is the end. (pg. 95) Equality 7-2521 begins to fully realize his importance as an individual after discovering the word I as a means to decipher one another through an ancient book that he recovers. He justifies and proves his unsurpassable happiness of his breakthrough. His expression accentuates the realization of his forthcoming as an individual, which also represents the end of his quest that he has worked so diligently to achieve. Equality 7-2521s happiness is everything that he wishes to achieve, the basic meaning in life that he hopes and struggles to attain only for himself, not for his exalted brothers. Neither am I the means to any end others may wish to accomplish. I am not a tool for their use, servant of their needs, a sacrifice on their altars. (pg. 95) Equality 7-2521 knows that he is not to be taken advantage of. He is an individual, with his own rights, knowing h e has the ability to participate in his own thoughts in his own private existence that belongs to nobody but himself. We know that we are evil, but there is no will in us and no power to resist it. (pg. 18) Before Equality 7-2521 discovers the ...

Actions that the MLRO of BCD should take The WritePass Journal

Actions that the MLRO of BCD should take Introduction Actions that the MLRO of BCD should take ]. Cases C v S [1999] 2 All ER 343 Governer Company of the Bank of Scotland v A Ltd [2000] Lloyd’s Rep Bank 271, 287 K Ltd v National Westminster Bank plc [2007] 1 WLR 311 R (on the application of UMBS Online Ltd [2007] WL 1292620 SHAH and another v HSBC private bank (UK) Ltd (2009) EWHC 79 (QB) Squirrell Limited v National Westminster Bank plc (Customs and Excise Commissioners intervening [2006] 1 WLR 637

Procurement and contract management Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Procurement and contract management - Coursework Example The present paper looks into the supplier relationship of BCAM which is being managed by Irwin family dealing in agricultural components. The paper will further study the outsourcing options available to the company, suggest a methodology and outline certain difficulties that the company may experience in global outsourcing. a) BCAM – Supplier Relation and Its Consequences Supplier development is a process where on partner in a relationship modifies or otherwise influences the behavior of the other partner with a view to mutual benefit (Crocker, 2009). British Consolidated Agricultural Machinery (BCAM) was established by Harry Irwin’s father hundred years ago during the period of mass industrialization manufacturing tractors and other agricultural machinery such as harvesters, balers, movers, seed drills, and sprayers. While reviewing the purchasing procedure at BCAM, it is revealed that orders are placed in bulk even though if the materials are not required for the pur pose of production so as to avoid logistical time and costs. BCAM supplier development strategy was weak considering the fact they placed their orders with the suppliers who were associated with the company for many years. According to Crocker (2009) supplier development is necessary to develop the supply base in areas of recognized weakness, develop a long term relationship with few reliable suppliers, reduce the risk by sharing information, enhance the benefits of mutual goals and synchronize the overall process of supply chain process. This shows that the company’s transactions were limited to few suppliers and the relationship between both is adversarial as BCAM doesn’t pay them as agreed during the contract. Saunders et al (Swamidass 2000) mentioned that adversarial relationship is promoted when they operate at arm’s length with communication without personal contact and gains by one partner are seen as being at the expense of other contributing to apparent lack of trust and not ready to share information. According to Handfield and Bechtel (2002, reliance on trust at the interpersonal level may be conditioned by legal systems or organizational role responsibilities, mitigating the ability of parties to rely on trust as a matter of first preference. The relationship between BCAM and its suppliers exceeds their contract and operates beyond it resulting in breakage of supply chain management. The company had to face the consequences of such relationship as their orders placed by BCAM would not be taken as top priority leading to purchase departments failure to provide required material for production resulting in delayed customer delivery. The fact that both maintained cordial relationships and confidence on the suppliers side that they would definitely receive their payment made it possible to continue the transaction. Moreover, in such type of relationships, complaints are not addressed due to the negligence from buyers’ side a s evidence in BCAM Company wherein complaints by purchasing department were snubbed by suppliers owing to late payments. b) Buyer Supplier Relationship Approach Organizations are more actively involving suppliers in their integrated development process and identify suppliers as a source of competitive advantage which means that there is an opportunity to develop and identify the factors that could help sustain or improve the relationship between the buyer and the supplier (Nellore, 2001). Developing partnerships with suppliers is

Define supply and explain what causes change (shifts) of supply and Essay

Define supply and explain what causes change (shifts) of supply and how supply can determine prices. Explain what is price elast - Essay Example The curve signifies a law of supply implying the more the price is, the more a quantity is supplied. So if price is altered, the quantity supplied will be affected accordingly. There are a few assumptions associated with the law of supply as well. These include if there is no change in price for the factors of production or technique and related goods, the goal of the firm remains constant and manufacturers do not anticipate a change in the near future regarding price of the commodity. The relationship between price and related goods can go inverse if related goods price goes high e.g. a bar b q meal price will go high if the meat prices go high as the meal is dependent on meat but at the same time production will be decreased as the cost of production will increase. Technological advancement also helps increase production. The swifter a process is, the more the products will be manufactured. Fewer resources are required and consequently more can be produced. The number of suppliers entering the market impacts the prices by bringing it down due to competition (TR Jain, VK Ohri). Figure 1 Supply Shifts and Price Change or shift in supply refers to the phenomenon when this supply curve shifts either up towards the left or down towards the right. What causes such a change is the change in factors other than price resulting in an impact on the quantity being supplied. These factors are of the same commodity such as change in input price, number of suppliers or technology etc. this phenomenon is termed as change in the level of supply. Decrease in supply refers to the fact when supply drops due to change in the above mentioned factors. Similarly increase in supply refers to the fact when supply increases to change in those same factors. The companies are willing to produce more products in the same price when there is an increase in supply. Cheap available inputs or low cost production due to advancement in technology may contribute to these factors. Decrease in sup ply may be due to several reasons. One may be high cost of production because the technique is obsolete or factor prices increase. If there is a competition in market, the price of competing goods will also impact. A decrease in those prices may lead to a decrease in the product price. Similarly is number of companies in the markets decrease, this will also bring down the supply. Also, if a firm anticipates a rise in commodity price in the upcoming future, supply will be decreased. One other major factor may be due to a shift in the firm’s objectives. They might be willing to maximize their profits rather than sales (Jain and Ohri, 2010). The relationship between price and supply is held by the supply curve and stated by the law of supply. Selling chocolates will be profitable if the price of chocolates is high. Consequently chocolates will be delivered in huge quantities to meet the demand. Chocolate manufacturers will add additional resources and work on technological advan cements and supplying techniques to meet the demand. Similarly if chocolate demand decreases, the production will decrease to a level to only fulfill the demand. Therefore changes in supply and demand impact market equilibrium (Mankiw, 2003). Price Elasticity and its Determinants Price elasticity of supply is a ratio between the percentage changes in the quantity supplied to the percentage change in the price. A particular supply curve of a product as a medicine or games depicts the elasticity