TO WHAT EXTENT MBA DEGREE MOTIVATES PEOPLE TO BECOME AN ENTREPRENEUR Essay

TO WHAT EXTENT MBA DEGREE MOTIVATES PEOPLE TO BECOME AN ENTREPRENEUR - Essay Example Professional courses in management and administration provide the requisite knowledge based curricula that are intended to meet the challenges of the changing times. MBA or masters in business administration is the professional course that imparts and helps to develop and understand the pros and cons of the business so that people pursuing this course are able to manage it with more proficiency and creativity. With the whole range of modules, covering the various core areas of business, the highly demanding professional degree is designed to motivate the professionals to be creative and improvise and improve the business processes to compete effectively with the changing business trends. Therefore, it is important to know whether the MBA degree, provided by the different universities are indeed able to meet with their pre-meditated goals of equipping the students with the requisite skill and knowledge that would meet the wider implications of the business acumen needed to meet the challenges of the rapidly changing times? The purpose of the study is to gauge the impact of the professional course on the creative inputs of the students in the real life situations and evaluate the extent of motivating factors which would influence his business decisions. In the era of globalization, the emerging trends in business are crucial to understand and therefore, it becomes imperative to know whether MBA produces the professionals who are not only good administrators but also develop the traits of entrepreneur and intrapreneurs who are equipped to improve and improvise the business processes to optimise the intended output, within the parameters of organizational goals and objectives. It is also important to know whether the graduates of the MBA are able to meet the criteria within the defined parameters or are sufficiently motivated to exploit their entrepreneurial skills to further improve their aims and objectives. The universities facilitate higher studies in the

Hydraulic Fracturing Essay Example for Free

Hydraulic Fracturing Essay Over the past few decades, the United States has become heavily reliant on using nonrenewable resources. The excessive uses of these resources, such as coal, are extremely harmful to the environment and can be considered responsible for global climate change and the destruction of a once healthy atmosphere. Some companies have claimed to find a â€Å"clean† source of energy called natural gas, found deep within the Earth’s crust. Commercials created by these companies state that natural gas is easy retrieve, cheap and clean burning. However, these commercials fail to explain that one of the processes of retrieving natural gas, or hydraulic fracturing, is extremely harmful to the environment. Hydraulic fracturing, or â€Å"fracking†, is the process of injecting millions of gallons of water into the ground to crack shale rock around a gas well. When the shale rocks around the wells are cracked, it allows natural gas, specifically methane, to flow into the wells. To fracture the shale rock, the water injected into the ground has to be at a very high pressure and is loaded with sand and about 40,000 gallons of 600 different dangerous chemicals. Once the natural gas has flown into the underground well, it can be extracted and stored in tanks above ground to later be used as an energy source. Fracking for a source of energy is occurring all over the United States. Several masses of shale rock are all over the county, such as the Mancos shale in Utah and Colorado; the New Albany shale in Illinois and Kentucky; and the largest shale in the country, the Marcellus Shale. The Marcellus Shale stretches over Pennsylvania, Ohio, New York, West Virginia, Kentucky and Virginia. Large portions of the Marcellus Shale are in New York and Pennsylvania, and the shale rock in these areas have started to be fractured to allow natural gas to flow into freshly drilled wells. These sites have had an extremely negative effect on the biosphere in these surrounding areas. People living near these fracturing sites have been experiencing several grievances and have been having severe problems with their well water. Many adults have been suffering from terrible headaches, a loss of smell, and have lost their ability to taste foods or drinks. Some children living near fracturing sites have even developed asthma, and can barely go outside without getting ill or struggling to breathe due to air pollution. Some people living near fracturing sites have been forced to buy bottled water or water by the gallon because their well water has become so contaminated. Water coming out of the sink is often tinted brown or yellow colors, and can even be lit on fire. Farm animals and pets drinking this water have been getting sick and have suffered hair loss. The harms that are occurring in the biosphere are due to the problems fracking has caused in the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere. The lithosphere, or the Earth’s crust, has been significantly impacted by fracking. Once a fracturing job is completed, retainment ponds are dug and the contaminated water is poured into them. Often times, the toxic water in these bases are able to seep into the ground due to a lack of proper lining. Horizontal drilling in the ground to build wells leaves giant holes in the Earth’s surface, which have to be filled once a project is completed. Very specific instructions are given to workers so that the holes can be filled properly, but often only surface is covered. These giant, unfilled holes create unnatural fractures thousands of feet in the ground, allowing toxic fluids to rise up into the surface into aquifers or even distances up to a mile away from the well. Because of the retainment ponds and the unnatural fractures in the ground, the hydrosphere (or water sources) can become contaminated. These contaminated water sources harm the plants, animals and people that relied on it while it was still clean. Not only does fracking have a negative impact on the lithosphere and hydrosphere, but it also has a negative impact on the atmosphere. A common natural gas that is extracted from the ground is methane, which is often emitted into the atmosphere from the wells or from piping leaks. Also, high temperatures cause contaminated water to evaporate and disperse into the atmosphere. The chemicals released into the atmosphere hurt the animals and plants that are breathing in all of the toxins, causing illnesses such as asthma or problems such as headaches. Despite all the issues that fracking inflicts on the environment, companies are quick to say that the use of natural gas is both economically and environmentally friendly. Companies such as ConocoPhillips claim that the  use of natural gas will stimulate the US economy and help to meet the energy needs of our growing population. In some ways, these companies are correct. Hydraulic fracturing can help the US economy because it allows the US to rely on its own resources, rather than resources from other countries, such as oil in the Middle East. Also, several workers and truck drivers are needed to carry out fracking projects, creating job opportunities for people who were previously unemployed. Also, companies state that fracking and horizontal drilling combined create a relatively cheap and productive way of retrieving shale resources. An apparent environmental benefit to fracking is that it â€Å"burns cleaner† than other natural resources such as coal. Coal is used for 44% of the United States’ electricity, and it is the main cause of air pollution in the US. When coal is burned, it emits toxic materials into the air. These toxic materials contribute to global warming, and cause acid rain and smog. The natural gases that are commonly retrieved from fracking and horizontal drilling burn much cleaner than coal, but the process of retrieving natural gas is very environmentally unfriendly. The water contamination and the methane that is emitted into the atmosphere due to fracking make it equally as harmful as coal burning. Companies have also been claiming that there is an abundance of natural gases available in the masses of shale rock across the country. Although there may be an abundance of this resource, these companies have not been using natural gases sustainably. If the United States continues to use natural gases at the rate that it does now, every recoverable source of natural gas will have been used up within the next 80 years. Some even believe that the amount of natural gas the US has right now is only enough to last for 10 years, because there are only about 237,746 billion cubic feet of â€Å"proved reserves†. Proved reserves are areas that guarantee that natural gases will be retrieved if that area is drilled. The 80 year theory is much more optimistic, stating that there are other sources of natural gases readily available other than just the â€Å"proved reserves†. Although natural gas may be another nonrenewable resource that is available, it takes away from the drive that people have to find a renewable resource. Many may think that they can feel comfortable with the amount of energy that they have now, and are not concerned that the nonrenewable resources available at  the moment will run out. It is important to search for a renewable resource now, because the nonrenewable resources are not being used sustainably and will eventually run out. If we continue to expand fracking operations, the conditions in the environment will continue to worsen. Water contamination will most likely spread beyond just where the fracking is occurring, because of the unnatural fracturing in the ground and retainable basins. The conditions of the atmosphere will also continue to worsen because toxins will continue to disperse into the air, and methane will continue to leak from pipes and the wells. Many people who live near fracking sites may be forced to leave their homes on account of high levels of water and air contamination. Also, the masses of shale that are currently being used could eventually run out of natural gas, so companies will be forced to move onto another shale, creating more health hazards in other areas. As the number of fracking sites that are developed and abandoned increases, the aesthetic value of rural areas will decrease. Rather than views of trees, rivers and countrysides, there will be views of abandoned wells and trucks transporting massive amounts of chemicals. Hydraulic fracturing is undeniably a Tragedy of the Commons. It is practically impossible for the Environmental Protection Agency to place any kind of regulation on fracking. In 1975, industries managed to prevent the EPA from regulating or testing 70,000 different chemicals, including many of the chemicals that are used for fracking. For large industries, keeping the public’s health in mind is a burden and it minimizes the potential to make massive profits. Industries are able to move onto land near people’s homes and contaminate their air and water without any regulations whatsoever. In Pennsylvania, unregulated fracking is running rampant. The Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection has done nothing with the evidence of illnesses caused by fracking, leaving the industries able to contaminate clean sources with any chemical they need. Politics are leaning towards supporting the industries rather than the public’s health because they are much more interested in stimulating the economy than they are in protecting public safety. Hydraulic fracturing is presented as an environmentally friendly way to retrieve energy, but it is has been causing contamination in previously clean air and water. Hydraulic Fracturing is even more dangerous because the EPA can’t place regulations on it, leaving innocent people at the expense of the dangerous chemicals. Overall, the negative effects that fracking has on the environment are extremely significant, and it either needs to be stopped or heavily regulated.

Nihilsmo, Fin de la Metafisica y Secularizacion en el Pensamiento de Nietzsche, Heidegger y Vattimo :: Spanish Essays

Nihilsmo, Fin de la Metafisica y Secularizacion en el Pensamiento de Nietzsche, Heidegger y Vattimo ABSTRACT: The purpose of this article is to articulate Nietzsche's criticism of morality which is centered in his experience of the death of God and the end of the subject of Modernity. Nietzsche considers nihilism as a nihilism of morality, not of metaphysics: it is morality and its history that has given rise to nihilism in the Occident. That is why Nietzsche separates himself from metaphysics as well as from morality and science, which differs from Heidegger's reasons. According to Heidegger, Nietzsche places himself in a primal position in the history of metaphysics, by which he means the consummation (Vollendung) of metaphysics' nihilism, which Heidegger tries to transcend. On the one hand, Heidegger shows us how Nietzsche consummates the Platonic philosophy by inverting its principles. On the other, Nietzsche consummates the metaphysics of subjectivity. Consequently he conceives the thought of the will of power and of the eternal recurrence as the two last forms of the metaphys ical categories of essence and existence respectively. On this ground it is possible to understand Nietzsche's and Heidegger's thought as the necessary first stage in the transition to Vattimo's postmodern philosophy and his notion of secularization. Si bien la discusià ³n en torno al nihilismo se remonta a la à ©poca del del idealismo alemà ¡n, tal como lo seà ±alara Otto Pà ¶ggeler oportunamente, el "nihilismo" es la nocià ³n fundamental sobre la que gira la meditacià ³n nietzscheana, asà ­ como el problema de su superacià ³n. (1) La conviccià ³n de la magnitud de tal tarea llamada en Ecce homo una "autoreflexià ³n de la humanidad" (Selbstbesinnung), se presenta como un "destino" dentro de la historia de la filosofà ­a occidental. (2) En noviembre de 1887 escribà ­a Nietzsche: "Lo que cuento, es la historia de los prà ³ximos dos siglos. Describo lo que viene, lo que no puede venir de otra manera: la llegada del nihilismo". (3) La llegada del nihilismo es "necesaria" porque: "son nuestros mismos valores habidos hasta ahora, los que conducen a à ©l, porque el nihilismo es la là ³gica llevada hasta el fin de nuestros mà ¡s grandes valores e ideales." (4) Por eso, el nihilismo es pensado desde Nietzsche, como nihilismo de la moral principalmente y no como nihilismo de la metafà ­sica, tal como postularà ­a Heidegger posteriormente. Por el contrario en Nietzsche el centro de la reflexià ³n lo ocupa la moral: "La moral, lo he dicho una vez, fue hasta ahora la Circe de los filà ³sofos.

Theatre in the Community Essay examples -- Drama

Theatre in the Community Britain in 1979 was a place of great change and division. Although the country had united in the election of Margaret Thatcher as the first Conservative woman Prime minister by the early 1980’s one could say that the country was spiralling into a state of decline. This was largely due to the disarray of the previous Labour government and the implementation of the Conservative government’s robust style of economic management. All spheres of social and cultural life were to be judged on their economic terms and values. This is particularly true within the Arts. In ‘Politics of Performance’ Baz Kershaw describes how, â€Å"Private enterprise was to replace public dependency, so cuts in government, expenditure, including that on the arts, were inevitable.† This stems back largely to the ideological principals of conservatism. Conservatism believes in the self reliant role of the individual. It strongly allows for the expansion of public enterprise and thus frowns upon state intervention and avoids assistance towards public dependency. Therefore, where it was seen that some areas of public life, such as the arts, were â€Å"financially draining†, cuts were made where necessary to ensure that funds were spent more wisely, largely towards benefiting enterprise. A culmination of activities throughout the 1980’s meant that the arts were one of the key areas of public life that were disregarded in favour of prioritised events. This is effectively where the arts began to suffer. Although some mainstream theatre was funded by the GLC (Greater London Council), many alternative theatre groups were seen as unnecessary and as they often highlighted social issues, such as homosexuality, that were seen as taboo, they were generally avoided when it came to the distribution of funding. This can clearly be seen in Kershaw’s, ‘Politics of Performance’, where Kershaw states, â€Å"The divisions in British society were also reflected in the growing distance between the top and bottom of the theatrical pyramid during the 1980’s. In 1982 the Royal Shakespeare Company had moved into the huge concrete edifice of the Barbican in the City of London. The following year, a government- ordered investigation into the RSC (the Pristley report) concluded that counter to government suspicions- the company was efficient but under funded to the ... ...iece was heavily influenced by the needs of a local disability group. Community theatres range in size from small groups led by single individuals performing in borrowed spaces, to large year round companies with elaborate well equipped theatres of their own. Many community theatres are successful non-profit businesses with a large active membership and, in some cases, a full time professional staff. As the performers and other artists are also involved in other aspects of their community, non-professional theatre can develop a broad base of support and attendance among those who might not normally support the professional arts. Community theatre is in fact well documented as being the most widely attended venue for theatre in America and Australia. Community theatre is often seen as adding to the social capital of a community, in that it develops skills and community spirit for those involved. Furthermore, it can also create a place for debate, self-expression and interactivity that is important for the health of a community. When this can involve people with learning disabilities, for example, it can disarm prejudices that people encounter on a daily basis. Theatre in the Community Essay examples -- Drama Theatre in the Community Britain in 1979 was a place of great change and division. Although the country had united in the election of Margaret Thatcher as the first Conservative woman Prime minister by the early 1980’s one could say that the country was spiralling into a state of decline. This was largely due to the disarray of the previous Labour government and the implementation of the Conservative government’s robust style of economic management. All spheres of social and cultural life were to be judged on their economic terms and values. This is particularly true within the Arts. In ‘Politics of Performance’ Baz Kershaw describes how, â€Å"Private enterprise was to replace public dependency, so cuts in government, expenditure, including that on the arts, were inevitable.† This stems back largely to the ideological principals of conservatism. Conservatism believes in the self reliant role of the individual. It strongly allows for the expansion of public enterprise and thus frowns upon state intervention and avoids assistance towards public dependency. Therefore, where it was seen that some areas of public life, such as the arts, were â€Å"financially draining†, cuts were made where necessary to ensure that funds were spent more wisely, largely towards benefiting enterprise. A culmination of activities throughout the 1980’s meant that the arts were one of the key areas of public life that were disregarded in favour of prioritised events. This is effectively where the arts began to suffer. Although some mainstream theatre was funded by the GLC (Greater London Council), many alternative theatre groups were seen as unnecessary and as they often highlighted social issues, such as homosexuality, that were seen as taboo, they were generally avoided when it came to the distribution of funding. This can clearly be seen in Kershaw’s, ‘Politics of Performance’, where Kershaw states, â€Å"The divisions in British society were also reflected in the growing distance between the top and bottom of the theatrical pyramid during the 1980’s. In 1982 the Royal Shakespeare Company had moved into the huge concrete edifice of the Barbican in the City of London. The following year, a government- ordered investigation into the RSC (the Pristley report) concluded that counter to government suspicions- the company was efficient but under funded to the ... ...iece was heavily influenced by the needs of a local disability group. Community theatres range in size from small groups led by single individuals performing in borrowed spaces, to large year round companies with elaborate well equipped theatres of their own. Many community theatres are successful non-profit businesses with a large active membership and, in some cases, a full time professional staff. As the performers and other artists are also involved in other aspects of their community, non-professional theatre can develop a broad base of support and attendance among those who might not normally support the professional arts. Community theatre is in fact well documented as being the most widely attended venue for theatre in America and Australia. Community theatre is often seen as adding to the social capital of a community, in that it develops skills and community spirit for those involved. Furthermore, it can also create a place for debate, self-expression and interactivity that is important for the health of a community. When this can involve people with learning disabilities, for example, it can disarm prejudices that people encounter on a daily basis.

Why I Should Be Chosen

There are many reasons I would like to go on the field trip to Hawaii. The first reason is I love to travel and see new things. This trip would be a dream vacation come true for anyone! The first six days look amazing with seven things on the list that I have never done before. Then the camping for six days sounds wonderful with farming, horseback riding, and snorkeling, I have only gone horseback riding once and it was fun, plus my family is involved with horses so I know a lot about them! Every summer my family and I go to Cliff Island, Maine, which is really fun and I love the ocean. I think it would be really cool to see what the Pacific Ocean looks and feels like compared to the Atlantic Ocean. I really want to snorkel, I have never done that, and being a good swimmer, I believe that I would really enjoy it. It sounds fun to snorkel at night too, I wonder if its spooky in the dark water? I also wonder how it would feel to swim in the warm water of the Pacific Ocean compared to the freezing Atlantic Ocean. The whale watch sounds like a lot of fun, we almost went one time in Boston, but then my brother was too scared. It would be nice to have an opportunity to see a whale or a few whales, I have always been interested in learning more about whales because they are such an enormous creature. I am interested in the deep sea fishing, also. I have heard lots of stories from my Uncle about deep sea fishing and have always wanted to go, but have not had a chance too; I have barely gone fishing in the lakes around here so it would be a wonderful experience. Mr. Klein showed the class pictures of the trip this year and I don’t know if there will be the sugar cane adventure, but I would really like to experience and learn about it myself. The plant life in Hawaii is very different from what we have in Vermont and I have never been anywhere warm or where the vegetation is different than what we have here. Imagine how nice it would be to sit under a coconut tree on a nice white sandy beach or to be swinging in a hammock between two trees, or just the thought of being on a seaweed free beach (unlike Casco bay in Maine), sounds really good right about now. I hope we get to do some of these things while we are camping out for the first week. I wonder if we will even need tents or if we will just be able to sleep under the stars on a warm sandy beach. I would like to experience what other places around our country are like and this is a great opportunity to do so. I always thought that Hawaii was much smaller than it really is and was always worried about Tsunamis clearing it off. But after researching the Islands I realize that Hawaii is much larger than I thought. In fact, while I was researching Hawaii I found that from east to west Hawaii is the widest state, which is very cool to look at it like that because it is an island. Another reason I would like to go is I would really like to see a volcano. What better place to explore and learn about volcano`s than Hawaii? I think it would be exciting to see the hardened black lava fields and even hot lava spilling out of an active volcano into the ocean. I have always seen on television the volcanoes in Hawaii and would like to learn first-hand how the islands were created by volcanoes and why they continue to grow. I looked up The City of Refuge on Google and I`ve always wanted to see the giant Tiki`s that are there. I would like to learn more about the City of Refuge, what happened to it, and what it was used for. I wonder how they carved the Tiki`s, it must have been a long process. I wonder how they make the Tiki`s today. I am very curious about the farms on Hawaii. I wonder what they grow for fruits and vegetables. Will it be like what we grow in Vermont, probably not, I imagine it to be very different than what we have here in Vermont. I hope that we can to try some of the fresh fruits and vegetables that they grow on the organic and traditional farms. I wonder if the produce will taste different between the two farms and how different it will taste to what I am used to at home. I love gardening at home with my family. Sometimes I will plant a little garden of my own and tend to it on my own or with my little sister. I think I would really enjoy that part of the trip since I really enjoy it at home. In conclusion, I think this would be a really good learning experience for me if I was to go on this trip. It would be like traveling to a new country but still in the United States. Learning the culture of the Hawaiian people and seeing how they live would be really cool. I think that if I were to go it would not only be a learning experience for me, but one for my family as well, because I would come back and share with them everything I learned and share my experience. This would be something I would remember for the rest of my life and be able to share with my children and maybe even some day take them to Hawaii with me to show them what I did as a teenager. Therefore, if I was to be chosen for this field trip I would work my hardest and be open to learning new and exciting experiences that I have never experienced before.

Twig Anatomy for Tree Identification

Twig Anatomy for Tree Identification To use a tree twig key means learning a twigs botanical parts. A key can help you identify a tree to the specific species by asking two question where you can affirm one and eliminate the other. This is called a dichotomous key. Here  is one of the best online twig keys. Terms You Must Know Opposite or Alternate Twigs: Most tree twig keys start with the arrangement of leaf, limb, and buds. It is the primary first separation of the most common tree species. You can eliminate major blocks of trees just by observing its leaf and twig arrangement. Alternate leaf attachments have one unique leaf at each leaf node and typically alternate direction along the stem. Opposite leaf attachments pair leaves at each node. Whorled leaf attachment is where three or more leaves attach at each point or node on the stem. The opposites are maple, ash, dogwood, paulownia buckeye and boxelder (which is really a maple). The alternates are oak, hickory, yellow poplar, birch, beech, elm, cherry, sweetgum, and sycamore. The Terminal Bud: There is a bud on the tip of every twig where growth occurs. It is often larger than the lateral buds and some can be absent. Trees easily identified by their terminal buds are yellow poplar (mitten or duckbilled shaped), dogwood (clove-shaped flower bud) and oak (clustered bud ends). The Lateral Buds: These are buds on each side of the branch. The trees easily identified by a lateral bud is beech (long, pointed scaled bud) and elm (buds off center over leaf scar). The Leaf Scar: This is a scar of leaf attachment. When the leaf drops, a scar is left just under the bud and it can be unique. The trees easily identified by its leaf scars are hickory (3-lobed), ash (shield-shaped)and dogwood (leaf scar encircles the twig). The Lenticel: There are cork-filled pores on most trees that permit the living inner bark to breathe. I use the narrow, long and light lenticels to partly identify just one species that can be tricky - black cherry. The Bundle Scar: You can see scars within the leaf scar that are a big help in identification. These visible dots or lines are cork filled ends of tubes that supply the leaf with water. The trees easily identified by its bundle or vein scars are ash (continuous bundle scars), maple (three bundle scars), and oaks (numerous scattered bundle scars) The Stipule Scar: This is the scar of a leaf-like attachment just off the leaf stem. Since all trees do not have stipules the presence or absence of stipule scars is often helpful in identifying a winter twig. The trees easily identified by its stipule scar is magnolia and yellow poplar. The Pith: The pith is the soft inner core of the twig. The trees easily identified by its pith are black walnut and butternut (both with chambered pith) and hickory (tan, 5-sided pith). One bit of caution when using the above markers. You need to observe an average-looking and maturing tree and stay away from root sprouts, seedlings, suckers and juvenile growth. Rapidly growing young growth can (but not always) have atypical markers that will confuse the beginning identifier.

The Great Depression crisis

The Great Depression crisis Introduction The year 1929 to 1939 marked the period when the western world was almost brought on its knees. Never in the history of civilization had the Western world experienced such a severe and prolonged period of depression. Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Great Depression crisis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The depression effects spread from United States to the rest of the world. Generally, there were spiraling rates of unemployment, reduced output and high levels of deflation across the globe. The economic and cultural crisis occurring as a result of the depression almost paralleled what was experienced during the Civil War. Economic History The effects of depression were felt at different times in different parts of the world. Europe and the United States were most affected. On the other hand, countries like Japan and those in Latin America were the least affected. The depression was trigg ered by several factors such as inappropriate economic policies in United States that led to a decline of output, a fall in consumer demand and widespread financial panic (Duiker, 2007). The downturn was transferred to other parts of the world more conveniently due to the gold standard that was used by all countries to facilitate exchange of currency. In retrospect, the great depression was brought to an end when the countries unanimously agreed to do away with the gold standard. Instead, a consensus of expanding the monetary policy was reached to reduce the likelihood of such an occurrence. New economic theories were adapted, new global economic institutions built and new microeconomic policies enacted and implemented (Romer, 1992). The economic downturn began in the summer of 1929. The great depression was to wreck havoc from this period up to early 1933. Prices and output fell sharply. The United States experienced a 47% decline in industrial production and its GDP fell by 30%. Deflation which is the measure of a fall in wholesale price index had fallen by 33%. Unemployment is said to have gone up by 20% according to statistical reports (Keylor, 2001). A person can understand best the severity of this depression when the foregoing statistical results are compared to the recession occurring from 1981 to 1982 in the United States. In between this period, GDP plummeted by 2%, unemployment had gone up by 10% and the prices increased dramatically though they suddenly started declining. The condition of gradual decline in prices after previously rising sharply is called disinflation.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A country like Great Britain had to endure prolonged periods of depression especially during the 20’s after having decided to revert to gold standard system with an overvalued currency (Crossley et al., 2009). However , the situation was less serious in Britain compared to United States if statistical evidence is anything to go by. Statistics indicate that decline in industrial production in UK was a third that of the US. Though the effects of great depression were slightly felt in France, this country had difficulties recovering from slowed economic growth in 1932. This led to a substantial decline in prices and production from 1933 all the way to 1936. Some countries in the Latin America were not spared from the effects of the great depression which occurred much earlier in comparison to United States i.e. in 1928 and 1929. Argentina and Brazil were least affected. In Japan, the downturn occurred a little bit late i.e. in early 1930 and was not severe in comparison to United States and other parts of the globe. In every country that was affected, deflation of prices became similar to what was being experienced in United States. Wholesale prices plummeted by a margin of 30% in all developed co untries from 1929 to 1933. The reason why Japan was least affected was due to the flexibility of its price structure. This is what led to the occurrence of a rapid deflation from 1930 to 1931. It was this occurrence that prevented production in Japan from remaining low for a long period of time. Much of the prices of primary products such as cotton, rubber and others were sliced by half from 1929 to 1930(Keylor, 2001). This led to a decline in terms of trade for anyone who dealt with products of such nature. Things began looking brighter in the mid 1930’s. Output had begun rebounding and in the spring of 1933, recovery began to be experienced everywhere. In between 1933 and 1937, United Sates GDP is recorded to have grown at a steady rate of 9% annually. However, things worsened in between 1937 and 1938 but this condition did not last for long since it was replaced by a period of increased prosperity at the end of 1938. The increase in output had stabilized by the end of 19 42. The economy of Great Britain began improving a couple of years later after abandoning the gold standard in late 1931(Keylor, 2001). The same applied for most economies in Latin American which attained full recovery at the beginning of 1932. Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Great Depression crisis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the fall of the same year, the economy of Japan and Germany had begun rebounding. Most European countries and Canada had their recovery go hand in hand with that of the United States that began in early 1933 (Crossley et al., 2009). Some developed countries and France in particular took longer to recover. This is because this country experienced depression much later and recovery began taking place at the fall of 1938. Principle Causes of the Great Depression The great depression was triggered primarily by a reduction in spending or aggregate demand. This forced manufactu rers to shrink production after speculating a possible rise in inventories. Other causes that led to a reduction in aggregate demand followed throughout the depression period and the effects were transmitted from the United States which was in essence the ‘epicenter’ of the depression to the rest of the world courtesy of the gold standard system. Other countries had unique factors that contributed to the escalation of depression. The Crash of the Stock Market Too much speculation in the stock market led the United States government to act by tightening its monetary policy. This move sparked a decline in output immediately after it was enacted in 1929. The economy was performing fairly well prior to the tightening of the monetary policy. Mild recessions occurring in between 1924 and 1927 notwithstanding, the wholesale prices of goods continued to be stable for a whole decade. However, there were excesses in the stock market in that the prices of stocks were four times more at the end of the decade. In other words the stock prices were rising at an astronomical rate up from a low in 1921 and onto the peak that was reached by the close of 1929 (Findly Rothney, 2006). The Federal Reserve wanted to contain the spiraling stock prices and the stakeholders thought the best way to reach this end was to tighten monetary policy. This was in form of raising interest rates to a level that would make speculation to be difficult. The result was that sectors that were sensitive to interest rates drastically reduced their spending (borrowing). These sectors included real estate, automobile and construction industry. This led to a decline in production. According to Crossley et al., (2009) a boom in housing construction may have also led to excessive supply of housing that consequently led to a decline in construction by the close of 1929.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The foregoing events made it almost impossible to gauge stock prices against anticipations of future earnings. Thus, when a minor event triggered a gradual reduction of prices by the fall of 1929, investors were no longer willing to take any risk. This happened in October 1929 and the stock market bubble finally burst due to pressure exerted by the monetary policy. Investors due to panic began selling their stock at very low prices. This was sad mainly because most of the stock traded was bought using loans. The decline in stock prices was made worse by the fact that most investors were forced to liquidate their holdings (Findly Rothney, 2006). On what is commonly called black Thursday on October 24, 1929, the prices had fallen by a record margin of 33% on the Cowles Index. The magnitude of the decline was so huge that the event taking place on this particular day was given the name of the Great 1929 Crash (Duiker, 2007). American consumers were no longer capable of investing and in buying durable goods. The combined lack of spending by firms and individuals led to a sharp decline of output. Indeed, it was the great crash and the great depression combined with reduction of stock prices that led to unprecedented increase in unemployment and reduced output during this period (Keylor, 2001). The Run on the Bank and Monetary Policy By the close of 1930, great fear fell on all investors holding their money with the banks across the United States. The depositors due to widespread fear demanded their investments with the bank in the form of cash. Banks normally hold a small fraction of deposits in form of cash. Thus, when faced with a situation where all depositors want their money immediately, banks are left with no choice but to initiate a process of quick liquidation of loans. This kind of action is very harmful in that even the strongest of the banks can end up closing. There was a run on many banks across the United States from 1930 to 1932. The situation w as so severe that President Roosevelt decided to close all banks on the 6th of March 1933 (Adas, 2006). A bank would only be allowed to open after a rigorous process of vetting to ascertain its solvency. By the end of 1933, a third of the Banks in the United States had their doors closed permanently, never to open again. The United States Federal Reserve failed to act promptly in order to contain the run on the bank. Consequently, people held more money than what they had as bank deposits. This led to a 33% shortage of money supply in US from 1929 to 1933. The situation was aggravated by the Federal Reserves decision to contract money supply. Moreover, the Federal Reserve also raised interest rates thereby forcing most European countries including Britain to abandon the gold standard for the fear that the Dollar would as well be devalued. This led to a further reduction of money supply which in turn led to reduced output. The Gold Standard According to Adas (2006) the motive behind the contraction of money supply by the Federal Reserve was to try and preserve the gold standard system. This standard allowed individual countries to back their money in terms of gold. Under the system, an increase in demand of US products especially of stocks and bonds by foreign countries led to increased inflows of gold into the United States and vice versa. The contraction meant that there would be large amounts of gold flowing from foreign countries and into the US. This is true because Americans found it difficult to purchase foreign goods and the deflation experienced throughout the country provided foreigners with an opportunity to purchase US goods. Foreign countries reacted by raising their interest rates to counter possible US trade surplus and minimize the chances of weakening foreign currencies against the dollar. Thus, every other country that was privy to the gold standard systems was forced to reduce its money supply. Recovery To contain the ill effects of the gr eat depression, governments across the globe were forced to devalue their currencies and expand their monetary policies. Countries that were quick to devalue their currencies and quick to abandon the gold standard recovered relatively fast. Devaluation allowed countries to increase their money supplies with little regard to effects due to the exchange rates and the gold standard (Romer, 1992). However, recovery as a result of this action was quite slow in comparison to abandonment of the gold standard. The Federal Reserve relaxed its monetary policy by increasing money supply between the periods of 1933 to 1937 by a margin of 42% (Findly Rothney, 2006). This was possible because so much gold had found its way into the United States especially due to widespread instability that rocked Europe and that eventually led to the start of the Second World War. Similarly, other governments across the globe followed suit and increased their money supply. This was made possible by lowering i nterest rates to encourage borrowing and investments so as to stimulate the economy by increasing output. Countries like Japan and Germany used Fiscal policies to stimulate economic recovery. However, this did not work well with the United Sates. Spending due to military activities increased the supply of money in most countries that went to war. After the recovery, crucial measures were undertaken to cushion the depositor from losses in case a downturn of such a magnitude was to occur again in future. Banks were no longer allowed to trade in securities (Yetman, 2003). Furthermore, legislation was passed that allowed for the regulation of stock markets and banks were forthwith required to insure depositors’ money. The depositor insurance policy received global acceptance and it led to increased depositor confidence. Moreover, governments around the globe resolved to increase government spending to impede any possible depression (Eichengreen Sachs, 2008). Other measures such as reduction of taxes from time to time and monetary expansion would be used to curtail future deflationary effects. References Adas, M. (2006). Turbulent Passage: A Global History of the Twentieth Century. New York, NY: Longman. Crossley, P. K., Lees, L. H., Servos, J. W. (2009). Global Society: The World since 1900. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin. Duiker, W. J., (2007). Contemporary World History. Boston, MA: Wadsworth. Eichengreen, B., Sachs, J. (2008). Exchange Rates and Economic Recovery in the 1930s. Journal of Economic History 4 (5), 925-946. Findly, C. V., Rothney, J. A. M. (2006). The Great Depression and the Second World War. Boston, MA: Wadsworth. Keylor, R. (2001).The Twentieth-Century World, 4th ed. Ardsley, NY: Transnational Publishers. Romer, D. (1992). What Ended the Great Depression? Journal of Economic History. 52 (10), 757-784. Yetman, J. (2003). The credibility of the monetary policy. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press.

Funny Alan Partridge Quotes

Funny Alan Partridge Quotes Each Alan Partridge quote on this page is unlike anything you have ever read before. The humor is off-beat, and you will have to spend some time getting used to it. But, Alan Partridge has a cult following, and as they say, a million Britishers cannot be wrong! Quotes About Wine and Food All this wine nonsense! You get all these wine people, dont you? Wine this, wine that. Lets have a bit of red, lets have a bit of white. Ooh, thats a snazzy bouquet. Oh, this smells of, I dont know, basil. Sometimes you just want to say, sod all this wine, just give me a pint of, mineral water. And, can I have the same, please? But with different shaped pasta. What do you call those pasta in bows? Like a bow-tie, but miniature? Like an action man bow-tie. Can I just shock you? I like wine. Despite what I just said earlier. At any one time, I have nine bottles of wine in my house. Zingers and One Liners Electrolysis. For hair removal... and... dissidents. BANG! Im James Bond. You make pigs smoke! Ha ha ha ha ha. Youve got to laugh when you fall off a sofa! Bloody Sofa. Classic Conversation to Lynn about Dan Dans a fantastic man! He really is. I was talking to him early and he asked me what kind of phone I had and I said a Motorola Timeport. And he said, thats saaad, you wanna upgrade. I said, so do you- to a new face. He nearly soiled himself! He said he was laughing so hard he had Kenco coming out of his nostrils, and that made me laugh. But...my nostrils were clear. More Funny Quotes Do you know what this bathroom says to me? Aqua. Which is French for water. Its like being inside an enormous Foxs Glacier Mint. Which, again, to me is a bonus. Guide dogs for the blind. Its cruel really, isnt it? Getting a dog to lead a man round all day. Not fair on either of them. Hello is that Currys? Id like to place an order for two supplementary, auxiliary speakers, to go with my Midi Hi-Fi system, apropos achieving surround sound. Apropos...its Latin. You got to have a basic grasp of Latin if youre working in..Currys. Oh  , youve got them excellent, one last thing, what time do you knock-off? Fancy going for a drink? No? Sorry, just thought Id ask. I do like that toilet. Its very futuristic, isnt it? Very, sort of, high-tech, space age. I can imagine Buck Rogers taking a dump on that. In the twenty-first century. Can I, have a go?

WK 5 Strategic Philanthropy for Organizations Term Paper

WK 5 Strategic Philanthropy for Organizations - Term Paper Example Strategic Philanthropy refers to the practice of organizations in which they channel their charitable activities towards specific course that is expected to benefit their organizational objectives. In this course, philanthropy is a means used by different firms to benefit other organizations while advancing their business interests at the same time. Strategic philanthropy is associated with organizations and not individuals thus executed by the top management of organizations such as the board of directors and several departments. Philanthropy plays an important role in developing and retaining customer loyalty. According to Fioravante (2010), eighty percent of Americans are more loyal to an organization that contribute towards course that they have interest. Moreover, Valor (2007), survey demonstrated that most consumers have greater trust for companies that are associated with certain kind of social activities that give back to community. Increased customer loyalty have indirect benefits such as increased customer satisfaction, increased productivity and quality, employee commitment, profitability and reduced legal and regulatory interventions. For example, GTE greatest concerns are technology and literacy; hence the organization through its foundation distributed $30 million in 1999 (Debbie & Ferrell, 2002). Strategic philanthropy target customers’ concerns and interests in provision of resources that aim at building trust. As stated by Valor (2007), enhancing trust and acceptability among the consumers can be achieved through developing strong consumer loyalty thus gaining competitive advantage. Coca-cola has always linked its operating practices and resources with the stakeholders concerns. For example, the company has channeled not only its resources but also expertise to environmental issues. According to Debbie & Ferrell (2002), the company has provided expertise and financial support to organizations that

Chinas Position in the Global Nuclear Industry Dissertation

Chinas Position in the Global Nuclear Industry - Dissertation Example From this paper it is clear that some of the country’s corporations have supplied nuclear parts in the construction of the US nuclear plants and even engaged in contractual activities in the field. China’s growth at home has made it a trustworthy partner in international co-operations regarding nuclear energy. More so, china’s growing influencing can be attributed to the idiosyncrasies of its manufacturing eco-system that largely affect supply chains in nuclear power. Chinese policy on nuclear power has always focused on the importation of nuclear power as a way of going global, and this substantially influences its position in the global nuclear power.This study discusses that  the commitment of the Chinese in becoming a global nuclear powerhouse is evident in the construction of new reactors, and international co-operations that help the country stamp its international presence. Even as its global presence and nuclear output increases, the country was not alw ays inclined to nuclear initiatives. Before the 1980s, China was opposed to any nuclear engagements even when neighbors and allies seemed to be going the nuclear way. The opening up of China to world markets and international organizations in the late 80s saw it slowly embrace nuclear initiatives.  China joined organizations involved in the regulation of nuclear energy such as the Conference on Disarmament (CD), and it was able to mimic nuclear policies from other nations.

Resistance to Change phenomenon as a positive force for organisations Essay - 1

Resistance to Change phenomenon as a positive force for organisations - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that change is pervasive in every organization with the current economy, and it happens continuously at a rapid speed. On the other hand, resistance remains an inevitable response to any major change, and people naturally rush to defend their status quo especially during compromising status or security threats. According to Tanachart and Islam, organizational change can create cynicism and resistance in employees, which may sometimes make it difficult to implement organizational change. Nieuwenhuizen et al. define resistance as an action proposed to defend a person from the effects of change. The competition is quite high making change inevitable hence the need for every organization to manage change. Researchers argue that the employees will resist change despite its benefits to them and the organization. However, change resistance is the last thing that management would like during any changing process although theorists argue that it is helpful. Change is here to stay and any company, according to Hill and Jones without change risks a competition that could drive them out of business and possible closure. In any organizational structure, change comes from above, and therefore managers should possess a change management skill. Unfortunately, most employees do not respond positively to change, and that calls for managers to understand why they resist the change. Robert Kennedy once quoted that 20% of the people resist change. No matter the effectiveness of a leader, the change efforts will always face challenge or sabotage. For this reason, organizational change does not come easy, and two-thirds of organizational changes fail. Therefore, it is important for an organization to expect resistance and plan for it before commencing the change. This expectation will help the organization to prepare for the worst and apply change management skills in handling the resistance. Campbell emphasizes the need for managers to pos sess change management skills for the sake of handling resistance. Hill and Jones argue that the greatest significance of a change in any organization is that it presents conceptual scaffolding for people, the process, and the organization implementing change.

Non-Profit Organization and Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Non-Profit Organization and Management - Essay Example At-risk youth have lost the sense of opportunity and possibility awaiting them in adulthood due to destructive attitudes and habits, as well as repeated academic failure and, to accomplish their objectives, the youth should be nurtured and mentored in an inclusive, caring environment, which promotes personal respect. Future Hope is a programme borne as a direct response to increased numbers of youth involved in the youth justice system and school disturbances. Thus, the programme’s goal is to identify young people turbulently transitioning into being adults. The goal, despite having several focus areas, is the same and this is to empower youth to positively alter their livelihoods. Primarily focused on secondary and primary school students, Future Hope projects that 50% of the students in the system are set to join secondary school within 3 years. Because of the especially problematic nature of this age-group, mentoring at this time would be perfect timing and most effective. This paper will seek to make a business case for starting a youth mentoring program called Future Hope, aimed at youth in primary and secondary school. Taking part in youth organizations benefits the youth, as well as the community they live in. Apart from providing young people with a forum to effectively and fully deal with important issues, including education and violence, such youth organizations also benefits the youth by allowing them to be part of a group that helps them develop interpersonal and personal skills (Milton, 2011: p39). In addition, it also helps young people to gain self-esteem and self-confidence, reduce the risk that they will take part in unsafe activities like drug abuse, develop job skills, attain opportunities for leadership, avoid negative per pressure, and to develop a strong support network.

Analogical paper on Gambling related to the Mahabharata or the Essay

Analogical paper on Gambling related to the Mahabharata or the Bhagavad-Gita - Essay Example Gambling can be a major entertainment in Las Vegas and Macao, and it is legal. However, public gambling is illegal in my home town, Taiwan. This gambling issue in Taiwan can relate to how Yudhisthira loses everything including himself in the dice gamble with Sakuni. It seems to me that gamble is like a drug and people who like to gamble cannot get rid of it because they are already addicted to gambling. If people are addicted to gamble, they lose their focus from their life goals. Gambling is betting of money or anything of material value on an event with unknown outcome. It is made to win instant and additional money or material goods. Gambling is both legal and illegal. It is the major commercial activity; the legal gambling market estimated in 2009 was worth $335 billion. The types of gambling are Casino games Table games Electronic gaming Non-casino gambling Fixed-odd betting Pari-mutuel betting Sports betting Arbitrage betting Gambling in the modern world has taken many shapes. The world spends billions on gambling every year. It may be a hobby of the elite class but those who lose everything because of gambling is the subject of debate. 1.1 History of gambling They history of gambling is ancient and relates to the different parts of the world. From Hindu to catholic and Jewish to the modern man or atheists; gambling has always been there, expanding and modernizing. Different parts of the world have different ways to gamble. Many popular games played in modern casinos originate from Europe and China, whereas the card games originated in the Middle East. Betting on horses originated from Arab (Aasved, 2003, pp.194). 1.2 Why do people gamble? The first answer to this question is because they want to become rich (Brenner and Brenner, 1990, pp.81). They want their money to double in a blink of an eye which is not possible in reality. That is why without being sure of the result they spend money so that they get a far greater amount in return. Gambling is an ad dition to have easy and quick money. Their lust for it is so strong that the negative outcomes never overtake the prominent desire to earn a lot of money in return to the smaller amount. According to Brenner and Brenner (1990, pp.169), number of attempts is made to understand gambling behaviors. One of the facts is that, gambling is a matter of taste. People who like to take risk usually gamble whereas those who are afraid do not. Gambling is a dangerous game not everyone risks for it. The poor who have the desire for money relatively fall for it more than the rich. It is also observed that those who lose money or business may gamble to meet their requirements. Gambling is a big business; people who want others to gamble make it attractive and appealing. Nice talks are made about gambling, prizes are highlighted. Both small and large amounts on lotteries and bets attract those who want to risk or are addicted to gamble. 1.3 Issues and problems related to gambling There are many issu es related to gambling, it is not necessary that always the outcome of gambling is a problem. Low risk and safe gambling can also be made, but when the limits are crossed and large risks are taken gambling problem arises. Some of the problems related to gambling are: a. Impact on families Families are mostly affected by gambling problems. People lose almost everything in gambling even there place to live. It causes long term issues. b. Money problems: It is the most important problems which brings with it all others. It may be

Non-Profit Organization and Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Non-Profit Organization and Management - Essay Example At-risk youth have lost the sense of opportunity and possibility awaiting them in adulthood due to destructive attitudes and habits, as well as repeated academic failure and, to accomplish their objectives, the youth should be nurtured and mentored in an inclusive, caring environment, which promotes personal respect. Future Hope is a programme borne as a direct response to increased numbers of youth involved in the youth justice system and school disturbances. Thus, the programme’s goal is to identify young people turbulently transitioning into being adults. The goal, despite having several focus areas, is the same and this is to empower youth to positively alter their livelihoods. Primarily focused on secondary and primary school students, Future Hope projects that 50% of the students in the system are set to join secondary school within 3 years. Because of the especially problematic nature of this age-group, mentoring at this time would be perfect timing and most effective. This paper will seek to make a business case for starting a youth mentoring program called Future Hope, aimed at youth in primary and secondary school. Taking part in youth organizations benefits the youth, as well as the community they live in. Apart from providing young people with a forum to effectively and fully deal with important issues, including education and violence, such youth organizations also benefits the youth by allowing them to be part of a group that helps them develop interpersonal and personal skills (Milton, 2011: p39). In addition, it also helps young people to gain self-esteem and self-confidence, reduce the risk that they will take part in unsafe activities like drug abuse, develop job skills, attain opportunities for leadership, avoid negative per pressure, and to develop a strong support network.

Leading Innovation and Change Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

Leading Innovation and Change - Research Paper Example We elaborate the role of leader to bring the change and innovation in the organization, its impact on the people working in the organization and other stakeholders, we also discuss the peoples' resistance towards the change and innovation and the leaders strategy to overcome these types of reactions. In other hand we discuss the successful and unsuccessful change and innovation to evaluate the change and innovation, as well as did an assessment of the performance of leader as a leader of innovation and change and also include an action plan to support the further development.This assignment discusses all the aspects related to the innovation and change, like in this study, we critically evaluate the theories of innovation and change and leadership of innovation and change, assess the performance of leader of innovation and change and develop further plans to support the future development related to the innovation and change. The innovation and change are interrelated with each other and the factors, which are affecting both of them are the same. The leadership is necessary for bringing in the innovation and change whether at the individual level or organizational level. The importance of the leadership to bring in the innovation is gradually increasing worldwide because a leader has the ability to give the understanding to others related to something new, ability to convince people towards the improvement and also a leader can replace old ideas and techniques with new ideas and techniques easily (Aitken and Higgs 2010). ... Leader analyzes the situation as where the change is needed and develop an action plan according to the change required in order to bring in and implement the change. Now, the question is how to bring in the change? Who brings in the change? Why to bring in the change? These are some questions, which normally arise while bringing in a change and in its implementation, there are many other questions related to the change and innovation can arise and the person who brings that change has to give the answer of all these questions that can be convincing for the people who have concerns in respect to the coming changes. (Aitken and Higgs 2010) With the passage of time, the world is getting advanced and new technologies are introduced, organizational structure and systems are introduced and new ways of doing diverse works are presented, organizations have to adopt these changes otherwise they will not be able to survive in the digital world. Manager of an organization doing work in any of the situation must face the situation of change, he has to analyze the nature of the change in the initial level of the implementation of change that is the most appropriate way of managing the changing situations. First of all, he should analyze the need of change whether the change is required to take place in the organization or not and then he should find out whether the change it is appropriate according to the organizational environment or not. Since introducing the change, first thing is to recognize the need for this change like if there is a problem in working with the present ways of doing work, the work is not more efficient with the present ways and there are some opportunities existent, which encourage to bring in a

Nurses floating to different specialized areas Essay Example for Free

Nurses floating to different specialized areas Essay Abstract: Floating is a staffing strategy that is seen as a solution to the general problem of nursing shortage. Floating involves utilizing nurses to work in different specialized units. Floating has its advantages in that it gives nurses an opportunity for overall professional development and relieves them from additional responsibilities such as delegating and staffing. Float nurses stick to patient care. However, as they have to work in units for which they are not sufficiently educated or trained, they find themselves inadequate in providing quality patient care. Moreover, it affects their overall sense of connectedness with their patients, their peers, and their specialty department. Thus, floating of nurses is considered by many as a threat to both nurses and patients. However, more recently, it has been found that the float nurse can be trained to meet varied needs of specialized units. This is made all the more easier when the float nurse undergoes training for a cluster of closely related specialty units. Resource teams are float pools where specialty of the nurse is recognized and training is provided as per needs by the management. Introduction: Nursing shortage is one of the major issues facing the healthcare sector of the United States. This is attributed mainly due to lack of enthusiasm amongst the youngsters today for pursuing nursing as a career option and secondly due to the rising population. To counter the increasing demands of nursing, the concept of floating has been introduced in many hospitals and clinical settings. Floating is a very recent phenomenon in nursing introduced mainly due to problems such as staffing shortages and fluctuating census (Dziuba-Ellis, 2006). Nurses are in general trained to work in particular specialties. But working in different specialized units requires them to undergo cross-training. This causes stress to the nurses and they lose their efficiency and confidence of attending to critically ill patients in specialized departments. In fact, when nurses are floated to different specialized units, both the nurses and the patients suffer. While the nurses find themselves inadequately trained to work in certain specialized units, patients face the danger of negligent or faulty treatment. Suitable analysis of issues involved in floating of nurses to different specialized units shows that this is highly risky both from the viewpoint of nurses and the viewpoint of patients. This problem is particularly relevant in today’s context as the concept of having a float pool of nurses is touted as a solution to the overwhelming national problem of nursing shortage. This paper focuses on the issue of floating of nurses to various specialized units in the United States – the reasons for floating, impact of such floating on nurses, impact of floating on patients and how to adapt this concept to the situation of nursing shortage. This paper will not cover alternate solutions to nursing shortage. The floating of professional nurses to unfamiliar practice settings should be avoided as it leads to unsafe practice situations and if at all floating is found to be totally essential, it must be ensured that it is allowed only in emergency situations when an increased demand for nurses with general basic skills is expected. Literature Review: The research report titled Nursing Resource Team: An Innovative Approach to Staffing by Baumann et al (June 2005) contrasts the traditional float pools with resource teams and after detailed analysis of the case study of the Nursing Resource Team at Hamilton Health Sciences from September 2002 until June 2004, concludes that resource teams as an innovative staffing strategy creates opportunities for full-time work, and provide nurses with opportunities for professional development. According to Baumann et al, floating is not a new practice. Nursing shortages that existed between 1974 and 1979 lead to innovative staffing solutions and floating was one of them. However, floating came to be known as resource team in 1981 when the term was first used in an article to describe the creation and organization of a float pool (Baumann et al, 2005). Earlier, float pools or resource teams were used across Canada and the US to save expenditure, counter the shortage of nurses, fluctuations in patient census, acuity, volume, and care demands. Baumann et al point out that use of float pools/resource teams is often viewed as a staffing strategy – one that facilitates flexible manipulation of staff. Today, float pools are more of a recruitment and retention strategy and this is proved by a study conducted by Crimlisk (Crimlisk et al, 2002). Contrary to this finding, however, experts in Canada suggest float staff do not serve retention purposes. According to Baumann et al, the NRT approach is different from the float pool in that it recognizes nursing expertise. In the case of float pools, a nurse is regarded as a generic worked who is able to work with different patient groups and utilize many skill sets. Further, the literature indicates that float nurses may be deployed as either assistive or replacement staff. According to a study by organizational development specialist Suzanne C. Luongo, titled â€Å"Connectedness as a Motivator for Nurse Retention at the Bedside† (2004). It has been found that floating is a disruption to connectedness to patients and families, connectedness to peers and connectedness to administration of the institution. This study was based on group interviews of staff nurses who have been at the bedside for a minimum of 5 years and have received high evaluations. While the first study focused on defining the concept of floating and explaining how it is applied in the nursing context, the second study raises the warning that float nurses may not enjoy their job because the job takes away the connection that a nurse needs to develop with the patients, the peers, and to the administration. When nurses are shifted through various specialized units, they cannot follow up on patients continuously; they cannot form stable friendships among other nurses and will not form any attachment to any specialized unit (Luongo, 2004). Crimlisk et al (2002) in their study titled â€Å"New graduate RNs in a float pool: An inner-city hospital experience† focus on the view of nurse managers and nurse educators that fresh graduate RNs cannot be included in a float pool. They prefer to have experienced nurses with multiple skills. However, the authors say that new graduate RNs are highly motivated, ready-to-learn, educationally prepared and intellectually stimulated though they do not have much clinical experience. The authors present a program for training new graduate RNs to practice nursing in a float pool. It has been proved that the program resulted in a 96% retention rate Boston Medical Center Nursing Division (Crimlisk et al, 2002). Moreover, the program offered the medical surgical units a strong clinical support float nurse, nursing managers a staffing solution in times of need, and the new graduate RN a broad range of clinical experiences making them more valuable members of the healthcare team. According to Crimlisk et al, this training model can be replicated in other institutions. Thus, this study gives a positive approach to the inevitable staffing solution of having a float pool of nurses. Crimlisk concludes that fresh graduate nurses who do not have the experience needed to become a float nurse should be trained specially to become more flexible and versatile (Crimlisk et al, 2002). Thus, this study holds that floating of nurses to specialized departments does not necessarily need only experienced nurses. With training, even newly graduated RNs can handle various specialized services in nursing. The article titled Full-Time or Part-Time Work in Nursing: Preferences, Tradeoffs and choices by Jennifer Blythe et al (2005), reviews historical trends in full-time and part time work in the general workforce and among nurses in particular. The study was conducted at three teaching hospitals in Ontario with more than 400 beds and included 10 focus groups of RNs and RPNs. Fourteen additional interviews were conducted with hospital administrators who were knowledgeable about nursing work arrangements. According to this paper human resources managers in all hospitals agreed that investment in full time staff saved â€Å"costs, provided better coverage, higher commitment, lower turnover and more continuity of car and more stable relationships in nursing and multidisciplinary teams† (Blythe et al, 2005). To increase full time jobs, the paper reports that one hospital offered a float pool of full time nurses in critical care, maternal-child and medical surgical areas. This float pool was part of a training strategy to help novice nurses to progress from medical surgical settings to specialist areas with shortages. However, it was found that these floating jobs appealed only to nurses with particular needs. The first study indicated that float nurses could be absorbed as assistive or replacement staff. According to the second study float nurses suffer due to lack of connectedness whereas the third study showed that float nurses could be trained to acquire new skills. But despite such training and absorption, this study takes a neutral stand that only some nurses can enjoy the experiences that come through float jobs depending on their needs. While the lack of connectedness and lack of training are cited to be discouraging factors in floating nurses, this study brings in a third angle – that of needs of nurses. Only nurses with particular needs would like floating to different specialized units. According to the study by Hugonnet et al (2004) titled â€Å"Nursing resources: a major determinant of nosocomial infection? † there is growing concern that changes in nurse workforce and hospital-restructuring interventions negatively impact on patient outcomes. The review focuses on the association between understaffing and health-care-associated infections. Previous studies have shown that overcrowding, understaffing or a misbalance between workload and resources are important determinants of nosocomial infections and cross-transmission of microorganisms. Importantly, not only the number of staff but also the level of their training affects outcomes. The evidence that cost-driven downsizing and changes in staffing patterns causes harm to patients cannot be ignored, and should not be considered as an inevitable outcome (Hugonnet et al, 2004). The fact that ‘level of training’ affects outcomes is a major finding as float nurses often suffer from inadequate skills. In this study it has been found that such inadequacy can lead to nosocomial infections and cross-transmission of microorganisms (Hugonnet, 2004). Thus it is indirectly implied that floating of nurses can lead to such infections and cross transmission of microorganisms. This study brings out a scientific drawback in the floating of nurses – one that could be detrimental physically to both nurses and the patients. This finding is further strengthened by the finding of Stone et al (2004) who point out that nursing shortage is managed by many health care facilities by expanded use of nonpermanent staff, such as float pool and agency nurses. Overwork and fatigue among these nurses have been associated with medication errors and falls, increased deaths, and spread of infection among patients and health care workers (Stone et al, 2004). Issue Analysis: RNs at many health care institutions have traditionally been required to float to other units as a solution to the issue of staffing shortage. Staffing practices, like floating, cross-training and the use of larger float pools are highly debated with focus on quality patient care and less stressful environment at work for nurses. Studies show that nurses naturally want to use the expertise theyve gained over the years on their own specialized units. But if they must work in a different area, or even if they choose to work on different units, they want the appropriate orientation to provide competent, safe care. According to Christine Kane-Urrabazo, MSN, RN, in Said another way: our obligation to float, floating is a viable solution to the issue of nursing shortage. She says that the though floating is opposed on the basis of many arguments, they are not justifiable when weighted against the consequences of not floating (Kane-Urrabazo, 2006). The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO), requires all accredited organizations to ensure that â€Å"†¦all staff providing patient care and services on behalf of the organization are properly oriented to their jobs and the work environment before providing care, treatment, and services† (JCAHO, 2004, p. 5). This means, regardless of the settings, it is important for professional nurses to maintain clinical competence. According to the American Nurses Association (ANA, 2005), it is recommended that there should be a systematic plan for the cross-training of staff expected to float to ensure competence (2005). â€Å"The Psychological Stresses of Intensive Care Unit Nursing† by Hay and Oken focuses on floating in the ICU that provides complex nursing care (1972). The float nurse in the ICU is exposed to traumatic events such as death and dying, posing threats of object loss and personal failure. The nurse in the ICU needs to be familiar in handling many kinds of complex technical equipments and make correct measurements. The nurse in the ICU should be capable of making observations about her patients condition, to interpret subtle changes and use judgment to take appropriate action. Moreover, the nurse must maintain detailed records. Because of this and the nature of her tasks, temporarily floating in nurses from elsewhere when staff is short can be dangerous when the specialized unit concerned is the ICU (Hay and Oken, 1972). Kelly Herbig, RN-OCN, Rockford Memorial Hospital, Rockford, in her article titled â€Å"The highs of floating† in Nursing Spectrum says that she enjoys a lot of benefits as a float nurse. She points out that as a float nurse, she needs to focus only on patient care and need not deal with issues of staffing, delegating, and other charge-nurse responsibilities. Kelly Herbig says: â€Å"Floating to different departments and units affords me the chance to meet and work with a wide variety of staff and physicians†¦.. Talking to them about their experiences and viewpoints has helped me broaden my own views and given me a new perspective on nursing† (Herbig, 2004). Best of all she says that as a float staff, she is often viewed positively as â€Å"the help, the relief, the answer to the problem of short staffing†. On the contrary we have the case of Jackie. Badzek et al (1998) in her research article titled Administrative ethics and confidentiality privacy issues cites the case of Jackie. As a float nurse, Jackie found her work very stressful. She had to rotate between many units and patients. Each day she worked on a different unit with different co-workers. She developed few friendships or collegial relationships. She was often dispensing medications and treatments she found unfamiliar. When she attempted to ask questions, she found she approached gruff busy attending doctors and young uninformed house staff. Feeling trapped, Jackie began to divert narcotics (Badzek et al, 1998). This case highlights the plight of the float nurse without specific training and also offers a glimpse to the stress levels of an untrained float nurse. Many states have laws that indicate that it’s considered negligent or unprofessional for a nurse to offer or perform services for which she is not qualified by education, training, or experience. Therefore, accepting floating assignments for which the nurse is not qualified can jeopardize his or her career. There can be lawsuits and also disciplinary action by the state board of nursing. Disciplinary action can include license limitation, suspension, or revocation, and possibly mandatory continuing education (Gobis, 2001). In the study titled â€Å"When terror is routine: how Israeli nurses cope with multi-casualty terror†, authors Riba and Reches report on the case of Israeli nurses working in hospitals and looking after emergency care in times of terror attacks (Riba and Reches, 2002). Based on qualitative analysis of the data collected from focus group discussions involving 60 nurses and analysis of problems faced by them, the authors make a few recommendations in the context of floating. Riba and Riches recommend that post-basic courses in emergency medicine and trauma should be expanded to include emergency room logistics, stress management techniques, and debriefing strategies. Moreover, for nurses floating into emergency care from other departments, they suggest that an annual workshop should be held that includes drills for emergency care. They also suggest that the ER charge nurse should be provided training in leadership and group dynamics. Thus we find that the training that should be insisted for float nurses should be related to the specialized units for which they are chosen to work. This finding is also in accordance with the conclusion of the research report titled Nursing Resource Team: An Innovative Approach to Staffing by Baumann et al (June 2005). Indicators that can be used to measure success of these specially trained staff would be based on measuring retention in clinical settings where such trained float personnel are used. Susan Trossman, RN in her article titled â€Å"Staffing smart: A difficult proposition† says that cross-training to several units will make a nurse end up being an expert at little things and lose in-depth specialty advantage. Kim Armstrong, RNC, has worked at Tacoma General Hospital in Washington for 20 years. She agrees that cross-training gives RNs a greater range of skills. But, she says, It also dilutes skills. She clearly points out that floating nurses to various units and making them accept assignments for which they are educationally unprepared are putting their patients and their livelihood at risk. A nurse at the Elms College hearing illustrates this point. I was recently floated to Hematology/Oncology unit and had 8 patients. Six patients were on research protocols, each with 6 to 10 medications that I had to deliver. I didnt know any of these drugs. Many nurses do not even know their deficits (Nursing Report, 2001). In this context, it must be noted that there is a direct relationship to the skill of nurses and the number of nurses to patient outcomes (Nursing Report, 2001). All the above arguments indicate to only one clear solution. In a country that is facing nursing shortage, it would be unreasonable to say that floating should be totally banned. As numerous studies have shown, what is needed is adequate training of staff for various specialties. This argument is further stressed by Ruth Shumaker, RN, CNOR, and president of the Association of Operating Room Nurses, Inc. : The valuable nurse in the next millennium is the one who can do more who has the knowledge base to function as a specialist but also as a generalist working in multiple areas† (Trossman, 1999). Recommendations: While it is understood that float nurses need special training and education, one should remember that such skills imparted through short term programs tend to be forgotten if not used constantly. Hence they need regular scheduled workshops. Some recommendations to remember while choosing to have a float pool of nurses are (NYSNA, 2005): †¢ Nurses should not be floated to unfamiliar practice settings. †¢ If floating is deemed necessary, it should only be permitted in emergency situations that call for general nursing care. †¢ The RN should be able to self-evaluate and ask for further knowledge or training as her job needs. She should be granted the right to refuse assignments for which she is neither qualified nor trained. †¢ The charge nurse/supervisor should take the responsibility of allotting a particular float nurse to a particular specialized unit. If possible, she should assign a regular staff member of the specialized unit to guide and instruct the new float nurse. †¢ The healthcare facility should be able to perform needs assessment on a continuous process and provide inter department training as per needs. By monitoring trends in nursing indicators such as turnover, satisfaction, work-related illnesses and injury, overtime, etc. , they should also evaluate and maintain the quality of the nurse’s work life. Conclusion: Further research should be conducted as to the type of skills a float nurse is expected to perform in her various specialized units. It has been proved that resource teams that are an improvised float pool are ideal to counter the problem of nursing shortage. In resource teams, nurses work in their area of clinical expertise and preference, developing â€Å"in-depth knowledge of particular clinical populations. † Sometimes, nurses may be assigned as generalists and specialists from the float pool or resource team. It has been found that training is better possible when nurses are assigned to clinical clusters with certain patient populations. Examples of clustered units include critical care and emergency departments, adult medical-surgical, and pediatrics. However, nurses may also be sent to areas such as medical-surgical for which it is assumed only generic skills are required. The following general points should be remembered while implementing float pool nursing as a staffing strategy: Innovations should be introduced in a phased manner; it is important to have consistent leadership during the implementation phase; Orientation and interpretative sessions must be planned and roles of float nurses should be charted in detail; Evaluation should be done on a continual basis. With respect to the float pool of nurses, it must be ensured that their number is large enough so that there is no overtime. Care should be taken to ensure that clinical clusters include relatively narrow and related skill sets and areas of expertise. To make floating of nurses to different specialty units, a viable solution to the problems of nursing shortage and quality care, it is important that the top management, the nurse in charge and the float nurse all work in synchronization towards providing respect and support for development of float nurses as specialists with patient-specific expertise and experience. When individual nurses are deployed only to those areas for which they possess the requisite skills, there is mutual benefit for the nurses as well as for the patients to whom they offer their valuable services. Bibliography: American Nurses Association (2005). Utilization guide for the ANA â€Å"Principles for nurse staffing†. Silver Spring, MD: Author Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations. (2004). Systems analysis. Ensure that your float staff and contracted staff are providing safe care. Joint Commission Perspectives on Patient Safety, 4(7), 5-6. New York State Nurses Association. (2005). NYSNA position statements, RN staffing effectiveness and nursing shortage. Latham, NY: Author. http://www. nysna. org/programs/nai/practice/positions/floating. htm Kane-Urrabazo, Christine (2006). Said Another Way: Our Obligation to Float. Nursing Forum. Volume 41, Issue 2, Page 95. April 2006. http://www. blackwell-synergy. com/doi/abs/10. 1111/j. 1744-6198. 2006. 00043. x Luongo et al (2004). Connectedness as a Motivator for Nurse Retention at the Bedside. July 24, 2004. Nurse Retention. http://stti. confex. com/stti/inrc15/techprogram/paper_17745. htm Hugonnet et al (2004). Nursing resources: a major determinant of nosocomial infection? Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases. 17(4):329-333, August 2004. Copyright Lippincott Williams Wilkins, Inc. http://www. co-infectiousdiseases. com/pt/re/coinfdis/abstract. 00001432-200408000-00009. htm;jsessionid=FDkbKKGyZ54nPbDSzyJwhhhBs1b8hS866nCYvc8Lxqp2qV1zHRp5! 2082300909! -949856145! 8091! -1 Crimlisk et al (2002). New graduate RNs in a float pool. An inner-city hospital experience. Journal of Nursing Administration. April 2002. 32(4):211-7. http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/entrez/query. fcgi? db=pubmedcmd=Retrievedopt=AbstractPluslist_uids=11984257itool=iconabstrquery_hl=6itool=pubmed_docsum Crimlisk et al (2002). New Graduate RNs in a Float Pool: An Inner-city Hospital Experience. Journal of Nursing Administration. 32(4):211-217, April 2002. http://www. jonajournal. com/pt/re/jona/abstract. 00005110-200204000-00010. htm;jsessionid=FDmP1gHbHHxZW8Rvmffskj9WcBrHyqH9WYdGTLq0ftDVdJyt8141! 2082300909! -949856145! 8091! -1 Dziuba-Ellis, Jennifer (2006). Float Pools and Resource Teams: A Review of the Literature. Journal of Nursing Care Quality. 21(4):352-359, October/December 2006. http://www. jncqjournal. com/pt/re/jncq/abstract. 00001786-200610000-00013. htm;jsessionid=FDmJkWq3P7J4btG4yWyy9L1CdkfnTw61myy60RB4WYG5RFRJ32wy! 2082300909! -949856145! 8091! -1 Badzek et al (1998). Administrative Ethics and Confidentiality Privacy Issues. Online Journal of Issues in Nursing. December 31, 1998. Available at http://www. nursingworld. org/ojin/topic8/topic8_2. htm Stone et al (2004). Nurses working conditions: Implications for infectious disease. November 2004. Emerging Infectious Diseases 10(11), pp. 1984-1989. http://www. ahrq. gov/RESEARCH/dec04/1204RA4. htm Herbig, Kelly (2004). The Highs of Floating. Nursing Spectrum. http://nsweb. nursingspectrum. com/cfforms/GuestLecture/HighsOfFloating. cfm Gobis, Linda (2001). The Perils of Floating: When nurses are directed to work outside their areas of expertise. The American Journal of Nursing. September 2001. Volume 101, Issue 9. http://www. nursingworld. org/AJN/2001/sept/Wrights. htm Riba and Reches (2002). When terror is routine: how Israeli nurses cope with multi-casualty terror. Online Journal of Issues in Nursing. Vol. #7 No. #3, Manuscript 5. Available: http://www. nursingworld. org/ojin/topic19/tpc19_5. htm Trossman, Susan (1999). Staffing smart: A difficult proposition. American Nurse. Nursing World. 1999. http://nursingworld. org/tan/99janfeb/float. htm. Nursing Report (2001). Report of the Legislative Special Commission on Nursing and Nursing Practice. May 2001. http://www. mass. gov/legis/reports/nursingreport. htm Blythe et al (2005). Full-Time or Part-Time Work in Nursing: Preferences, Tradeoffs and choices. Healthcare Quarterly Vol. 8 No. 3. 2005. Pages 69-77. www. nhsru. com/documents/Full-time%20or%20part-time%20work%20in%20nursing%202005. pdf Hay, Donald and Oken, Donald (1972). The Psychological Stresses of Intensive Care Unit Nursing. Psychosomatic Medicine. Volume 34, No. 2. March/April 1972. www. psychosomaticmedicine. org/cgi/reprint/34/2/109. pdf.

Presidency Research Paper: Washington

Presidency Research Paper: Washington Spencer Douglas   In America, we have a very structured and systematic government. This government has multiple layers that are intertwined and connected. The greatest of these layers are the three branches of government: the judicial, the legislative, and the executive. The most prominent of these three, in the eyes of the people, is the executive branch, or in others words the president. In our country, a long line of succession of leaders have been the heads of country running it as they see fit. Like any succession, the presidential succession is no different in the fact that it has to have a beginning. This, is where George Washington, our first president comes. George set the stage for what a president was for the people, for the government, and to the rest of the world. George Washington literally set the physically definition of what a president is for others to follow in his name, or against his name. Through his life choices as a young general, as president, and time stepping down from his p residency, George Washington has earned himself the distinction of being a good president. Georges ambition started at his roots, which was the military. After his fathers passing, George found solace and new guidance in the form of his brother Lawrence. From Lawrence, Washington learned trigonometry and surveying and cultivated a taste for ethics, novels, music, and the theater.[1] Lawrence having served under the military, inspired George to join. Later on in life after Lawrence dies, George steps up to fill the shoes and start his military role. Washington, after having his own tastes of battle, began to have his own preferences of politics. The largest question in politics in Washingtons time was whether or not to support British rule. Washington had two disputes with English officers who viewed their regular-army commissions as superior to that of the Virginia militia commander. These disputes may mark the beginning of Washingtons resentment of British attitudes toward the colonies.1 Once well known, he was appointed to County Justice of the Peace of the county of Fai rfax. Here he enjoyed the ripeness of the American Interests of exploring options and freedom. This increase this resentment for the British even more. Once tensions raised themselves high enough, Washington was elected commander of armed forces, refusing acceptance of pay. After fights of the revolution took their course, it was time for the government to reframe itself to survive, thus begetting the constitution. This lead to Washington becoming our first president. His unanimous election as the first president of the United States was certain before the Constitution was even adopted and, again, he accepted with reluctance.1 Washingtons presidency is rooted with fundamental federalist structure to strengthen our government. Washington helped to establish the capitol of what would be Washington D.C. President Washington decided to strengthen that of the area around him and the position he was in. While the Constitution calls for the creation of executive departments, it only explained that the heads of executive departments were unelected officials who had to answer to the president. Washington defined how these roles would function.[2] Washington set up his own cabinet of advisors to aid him. Unlike many presidents seen as figure heads, Washington the general, never died even after becoming president. Washington personally fought against the Whiskey Rebellion showing the power of the federal government, and emphasizing his role as commander and chief. Washington also established crucial legislature such as but not limited to: The judiciary act, the naturalization act, the bank act, and the salve trade ac t. Washington overall was a very strong presence that both people and the government around him supported. Legacy is something that Washington purely defines, as so much of our world is based on the beginning which was Washington. Washington established his successions place of residence, and their form of advisory council. He supported religious freedom and set up the organization of the Supreme Court. Washingtons main footstep in history was his balanced calculating standard for himself. He considered his power as given by the people and not for his own will to meander with. He always placed restrictions on himself, emphasizing his place as a president, not a dictator or a president. Sadly, much of Washingtons role model-esk moments are not really emphasized today, but his legacy is still established and appreciated by those who know the history. The last bit of information left to Washingtons legacy is the fact that in his farewell address he warned his successors of the presence of political parties. Washingtons Farewell Address, which warned against the baneful effects of the Spirit of Party, encouraged a focus on education and morality, cautioned against sectionalism within the nation, and admonished against entangling foreign alliances, has continued to have influence over American culture and political debates long past when it was first published.2 In conclusion, considering the facts that were aligned in Washingtons times, Washington in every sense of the word, was a good president. He established federal strength, became the peoples unanimous vote twice, and demonstrated what it means to be a well-constructed president and leader. The unique message that set aside Washington form his successors is that he always saw himself as a servant leader and even went out of the way to set up protections for the people against himself. Washington led America to victory over the British. Washington led to America to structure after the articles fell under and no one knew how to take the constitution. Washington, in more poetic terms, was by the people and for the people, using his well-known judgment to discern the best possible choice of action for all. Work Cited Page http://www.history.org/almanack/people/bios/biowash2.cfm http://www.mountvernon.org/george-washington/the-first-president/ten-facts-about-washingtons-presidency/ [1] http://www.history.org/almanack/people/bios/biowash2.cfm [2] http://www.mountvernon.org/george-washington/the-first-president/ten-facts-about-washingtons-presidency/

Essay on Hardships on Cold Mountain -- Cold Mountain Essays

Hardships on Cold Mountain  Ã‚  Ã‚   The events one goes through in his or her life often shapes the person he or she becomes.   The challenges faced early in life work to strengthen one’s personality and enable them to live and flourish. In the novel Cold Mountain by Charles Frazier the reader learns about the many obstacles Ruby has had to face while growing up.   These hardships added to the person that she became and made her strong enough to face the obstacles that come later in life.   In being faced with many obstacles in life Ruby was able to learn from them, become a stronger person and therefore survive.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Because of her lack of love and parenting, Ruby was forced to mature and learn how to survive at unimaginably young age.   Not only did Ruby grow up motherless, she practically grew up without a father.   Stobrod did not only abandon her physically he was never present her for emotionally, and often disclaim her as his own.   He told her the story of how her mother would say â€Å"he had no part in the baby and that its cause was a tall blue heron.† (Pg. 194)  Ã‚   To gr...

Latin is Not Dead Yet! :: College Admissions Essays

My hands were brittle and numb from the biting cold. I'd been raking leaves for just under three hours in the dwindling group of Latin Club members who braved the weather for charity donations. As a freshman, I felt somewhat alone in my new club, especially since my friends had backed out on my invitation to join me that Saturday. Nevertheless, I vowed to stick with it, and someday spark more interest in the activities...even in the cold. However, with my yet-unestablished high school reputation and lone voice out of 150 members, I continued to contribute merely my attendance at the meetings and activities. Sophomore year, I found myself embracing Latin Club as a way to have fun with my friends and contribute community service. But despite my enthusiasm, the club did carry a somewhat nerdy and uninteresting image probably stemming form the name. "Latin Club? Come on. Whatta you guys do in there...speak Latin...or play dead!?" a classmate remarked. I chuckled, then informed him that the Romans were known for drunken revelry, large feasts, and ceremonial orgies. After translating that into "music, food, and dancing," I reminded him that there was a Latin Club party coming up next weekend. Needless to say, I had little trouble improving the club's popularity. Junior year arrived, and I decided it was time to make my move on the Latin Club. The name consul, the equivalent of president, jumped out from the nomination form like a lone image in a 3-D comic book. However, the presidency required a partnership-an ancient Roman safeguard carried on symbolically in our club. No problem! My friend Sankeerth and I couldn't have shared more interest. Thus, the campaign for "Court & Sankeerth" was born, but by no means an heir to the throne. Our opponents were none other than two of the biggest academic powerhouses in the senior class: Annie, who aced the SAT; and Christy, president of two other major clubs. Together they proved our valiant efforts basically futile in their shadow. "Next year," spoke the voice of optimism. Senior year brought to our campaign the confidence of a veteran TV sitcom versus a "pilot." Could anyone else possibly have wanted to be Latin Club president as much as we did? We could take no chances. The only way to win was to buy big markers.